ANG

The protein encoded by this gene is an exceedingly potent mediator of new blood vessel formation. It hydrolyzes cellular tRNAs resulting in decreased protein synthesis and is similar to pancreatic ribonuclease. In addition, the mature peptide has antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi, including S. pneumoniae and C. albicans. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene and the gene that encodes ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4 share promoters and 5' exons. Each gene splices to a unique downstream exon that contains its complete coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

Full Name

Angiogenin

Function

Binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is endocytosed and translocated to the nucleus. Stimulates ribosomal RNA synthesis including that containing the initiation site sequences of 45S rRNA. Cleaves tRNA within anticodon loops to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs) which inhibit protein synthesis and triggers the assembly of stress granules (SGs). Angiogenin induces vascularization of normal and malignant tissues. Angiogenic activity is regulated by interaction with RNH1 in vivo.

Biological Process

Actin filament polymerization Source: UniProtKB
Activation of phospholipase A2 activity Source: UniProtKB
Activation of phospholipase C activity Source: UniProtKB
Activation of protein kinase B activity Source: UniProtKB
Adherens junction organization Source: Reactome
Angiogenesis Source: MGI
Antibacterial humoral response Source: UniProtKB
Antifungal humoral response Source: UniProtKB
Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKB
Cell communication Source: UniProtKB
Cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKB
Diacylglycerol biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Homeostatic process Source: UniProtKB
Innate immune response Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of translation Source: UniProtKB-KW
Oocyte maturation Source: UniProtKB
Ovarian follicle development Source: UniProtKB
Placenta development Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of protein secretion Source: UniProtKB
Response to hormone Source: UniProtKB
Response to hypoxia Source: UniProtKB
Response to yeast Source: UniProtKB
rRNA transcription Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus; Nucleolus; Secreted; Secretory vesicle lumen. Rapidly endocytosed by target cells and translocated to the nucleus where it accumulates in the nucleolus and binds to DNA (PubMed:12051708).

Involvement in disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 9 (ALS9): A neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases.