CCND2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

Cyclin D2

Function

Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G1/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G1 phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. Also substrate for SMAD3, phosphorylating SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and repressing its transcriptional activity. Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D2/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex (By similarity).

Biological Process

Cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW
Mitotic cell cycle phase transition Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Membrane. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes accumulate at the nuclear membrane and are then translocated into the nucleus through interaction with KIP/CIP family members.
Isoform 2: Cytoplasm

Involvement in disease

Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3 (MPPH3): A syndrome characterized by megalencephaly, ventriculomegaly that may lead to hydrocephalus, and polymicrogyria; polydactyly may also be seen. There is considerable phenotypic similarity between this disorder and the megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome.

PTM

Polyubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL2) complex, leading to proteasomal degradation.

CCND2

Anti-CCND2 antibodies