CYP2C9

CYP2C9 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 9) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP2C9 include Coumarin Resistance and Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Toxicity Or Dose Selection. Among its related pathways are Gefitinib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics and Statin Pathway - Generalized, Pharmacokinetics. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include oxidoreductase activity and heme binding. An important paralog of this gene is CYP2C19.

Full Name

Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 9

Function

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599).

Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599).

Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:7574697, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9866708).

Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599).

Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317).

Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9866708, PubMed:9435160).

Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794).

Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031).

Biological Process

Cellular amide metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Cholesterol metabolic process Source: UniProtKB-UniPathway
Drug catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Drug metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Epoxygenase P450 pathway Source: UniProtKB
Estrogen metabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Exogenous drug catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Icosanoid biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: Reactome
Monocarboxylic acid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Monoterpenoid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway Source: Reactome
Organic acid metabolic process Source: GO_Central
Oxidative demethylation Source: BHF-UCL
Steroid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Urea metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Xenobiotic metabolic process Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Microsome membrane