NNT

This gene encodes an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme couples hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(+) to proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under most physiological conditions, the enzyme uses energy from the mitochondrial proton gradient to produce high concentrations of NADPH. The resulting NADPH is used for biosynthesis and in free radical detoxification.

Full Name

Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase

Function

The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane (By similarity).
May play a role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification in the adrenal gland (PubMed:22634753).

Biological Process

NADPH regenerationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Proton transmembrane transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Reactive oxygen species metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Tricarboxylic acid cycleManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Mitochondrion inner membrane

Involvement in disease

Glucocorticoid deficiency 4 with or without mineralocorticoid deficiency (GCCD4):
A form of glucocorticoid deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by resistance to ACTH action on the adrenal cortex, adrenal insufficiency and an inability of the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. It usually presents in the neonatal period or in early childhood with episodes of hypoglycemia and other symptoms related to cortisol deficiency, including failure to thrive, recurrent illnesses or infections, convulsions, and shock. In a small number of patients hypoglycemia can be sufficiently severe and persistent that it leads to serious long-term neurological damage or death. The diagnosis is readily confirmed with a low plasma cortisol measurement in the presence of an elevated ACTH level, and normal aldosterone and plasma renin measurements.