NRP1

This gene encodes one of two neuropilins, which contain specific protein domains which allow them to participate in several different types of signaling pathways that control cell migration. Neuropilins contain a large N-terminal extracellular domain, made up of complement-binding, coagulation factor V/VIII, and meprin domains. These proteins also contains a short membrane-spanning domain and a small cytoplasmic domain. Neuropilins bind many ligands and various types of co-receptors; they affect cell survival, migration, and attraction. Some of the ligands and co-receptors bound by neuropilins are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Neuropilin 1

Cell-surface receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system. Mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins (PubMed:9288753, PubMed:9529250, PubMed:10688880).
Recognizes a C-end rule (CendR) motif R/KXXR/K on its ligands which causes cellular internalization and vascular leakage (PubMed:19805273).
It binds to semaphorin 3A, the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, the VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB (PubMed:9288753, PubMed:9529250, PubMed:10688880, PubMed:19805273).
Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Binding to VEGFA initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).
Regulates mitochondrial iron transport via interaction with ABCB8/MITOSUR (PubMed:30623799).
Isoform 2
Binds VEGF-165 and may inhibit its binding to cells (PubMed:10748121, PubMed:26503042).
May induce apoptosis by sequestering VEGF-165 (PubMed:10748121).
May bind as well various members of the semaphorin family. Its expression has an averse effect on blood vessel number and integrity.
(Microbial infection) Acts as a host factor for human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognizes and binds to CendR motif RRAR on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 which enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Actin cytoskeleton reorganizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
AngiogenesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesisBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Animal organ morphogenesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Artery morphogenesisBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Axon extension involved in axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Axon guidanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Axonal fasciculationIEA:Ensembl
Axonogenesis involved in innervationISS:BHF-UCL
Basal dendrite arborizationBy SimilarityISS:ARUK-UCL
Basal dendrite developmentBy SimilarityISS:ARUK-UCL
Branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesisBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Branchiomotor neuron axon guidanceIEA:Ensembl
Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesisISS:BHF-UCL
Cell-cell signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulusBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Commissural neuron axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Coronary artery morphogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branchingIEA:Ensembl
Dorsal root ganglion morphogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Endothelial cell chemotaxisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Endothelial cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Endothelial tip cell fate specificationISS:BHF-UCL
Facial nerve structural organizationIEA:Ensembl
Facioacoustic ganglion developmentIEA:Ensembl
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamusIEA:Ensembl
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Integrin-mediated signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Motor neuron migrationISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidanceIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processIEA:Ensembl
Nerve developmentISS:BHF-UCL
Neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system developmentISS:BHF-UCL
Neuron migrationISS:BHF-UCL
Neuropilin signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Otic placode developmentIEA:Ensembl
Outflow tract septum morphogenesisISS:BHF-UCL
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive chemotaxisISS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of angiogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of cytokine activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of filopodium assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of focal adhesion assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of stress fiber assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Postsynapse organizationIEA:Ensembl
Protein localization to early endosomeBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Regulation of vesicle-mediated transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Renal artery morphogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eyeBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Retinal ganglion cell axon guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway1 PublicationNAS:BHF-UCL
Semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidanceIEA:Ensembl
Semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Sensory neuron axon guidanceIEA:Ensembl
Signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Sprouting angiogenesisBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extensionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Sympathetic ganglion developmentISS:BHF-UCL
Sympathetic neuron projection extensionISS:BHF-UCL
Sympathetic neuron projection guidanceISS:BHF-UCL
Toxin transportIEA:Ensembl
Trigeminal ganglion developmentIEA:Ensembl
Trigeminal nerve structural organizationIEA:Ensembl
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidanceIEA:Ensembl
Ventral trunk neural crest cell migrationIEA:Ensembl
Vestibulocochlear nerve structural organizationIEA:Ensembl
Viral entry into host cellManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB

Isoform 2
Secreted
Mitochondrion membrane
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Extracellular: 22-856
Helical: 857-879
Cytoplasmic: 880-923