TET3

Members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family, including TET3, function in the DNA methylation process (Langemeijer et al., 2009 [PubMed 19923888]).

Full Name

Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3

Function

Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization (PubMed:31928709).
Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation (By similarity).
Selectively binds to the promoter region of target genes and contributes to regulate the expression of numerous developmental genes (PubMed:23217707).
In zygotes, DNA demethylation occurs selectively in the paternal pronucleus before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal pronucleus and certain paternally-imprinted loci are protected from this process. Participates in DNA demethylation in the paternal pronucleus by mediating conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC. Does not mediate DNA demethylation of maternal pronucleus because of the presence of DPPA3/PGC7 on maternal chromatin that prevents TET3-binding to chromatin (By similarity).
In addition to its role in DNA demethylation, also involved in the recruitment of the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT to CpG-rich transcription start sites of active genes, thereby promoting histone H2B GlcNAcylation by OGT (PubMed:23353889).
Binds preferentially to DNA containing cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides over CpH (H=A, T, and C), hemimethylated-CpG and hemimethylated-hydroxymethyl-CpG (PubMed:29276034).

Biological Process

Biological Process 5-methylcytosine catabolic processSource:InterPro
Biological Process chromatin organizationSource:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process DNA demethylationSource:UniProtKB
Biological Process DNA demethylation of male pronucleusSource:UniProtKB
Biological Process histone H3-K4 trimethylationSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process oxidative demethylationSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IISource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process protein O-linked glycosylationSource:UniProtKB1 Publication

Cellular Location

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Chromosome
At the zygotic stage, localizes in the male pronucleus, while it localizes to the cytoplasm at other preimplantation stages. Binds to the promoter of target genes, close to the transcription start site.

Involvement in disease

Beck-Fahrner syndrome (BEFAHRS):
A developmental disorder characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic traits, movement disorders, growth abnormalities including overgrowth or poor growth, and facial dysmorphism. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance has been reported.