IL10

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

Interleukin 10

Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (PubMed:16982608).

In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:18025162).

Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha (PubMed:1940799, PubMed:7512027, PubMed:11564774).

Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (PubMed:8144879).

In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).

Aging Source: Ensembl
B cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
B cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to estradiol stimulus Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: ARUK-UCL
Cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB Source: UniProtKB
Defense response to bacterium Source: Ensembl
Defense response to protozoan Source: Ensembl
Endothelial cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL
Hemopoiesis Source: UniProtKB
Leukocyte chemotaxis Source: ProtInc
Liver regeneration Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of autophagy Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of B cell proliferation Source: MGI
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of cytokine activity Source: CACAO
Negative regulation of cytokine production Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of interferon-alpha production Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of interleukin-12 production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of interleukin-18 production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of interleukin-1 production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of sensory perception of pain Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of T cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: AgBase
Negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process Source: MGI
Positive regulation of cell cycle Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cytokine production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of immunoglobulin production Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of macrophage activation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of gene expression Source: MGI
Regulation of isotype switching Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of response to wounding Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of synapse organization Source: Ensembl
Response to activity Source: Ensembl
Response to carbon monoxide Source: Ensembl
Response to glucocorticoid Source: BHF-UCL
Response to inactivity Source: Ensembl
Response to insulin Source: Ensembl
Response to molecule of bacterial origin Source: UniProtKB
Response to xenobiotic stimulus Source: Ensembl
Type 2 immune response Source: UniProtKB

Secreted