MS4A1 Antibodies

Structure of MS4A1

Myoglobin is a relatively small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 16.7 kDa. This weight may slightly vary between species due to minor differences in amino acid sequence.

This protein consists of 297 amino acids and exhibits a typical four-transmembrane topology, forming a hydrophobic core composed of four transmembrane α-helices. Its three-dimensional structure is assembled into homologous or heterologous tetramers on the cell membrane, forming a functional calcium ion channel. A large extracellular loop (connecting the second and third transmembrane regions) is exposed on the cell surface, constituting a key antigenic epitope region. The amino acid residues in the near-membrane region are responsible for stabilizing the channel structure and regulating calcium ion flow. Specific non-sulfated antigenic epitopes on this extracellular loop (such as those composed of Ala170 and Pro172) are the structural basis for precise recognition and binding by various therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (such as rituximab), and this specific binding is cleared by mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity to eliminate B cells.

Fig. 1 Schematic of the Ms4a Gene Cluster on Chromosome 19.¹

Key structural properties of MS4A1:

• Four-time transmembrane α -helical transmembrane structure
• Hydrophobic core of transmembrane domain, forming an ion channel tunnel
• Specific antigenic epitopes on the extracellular loop (such as 170-AAANP-174)
• Intracellular N end and C end are shorter, involved in signal transduction

Functions of MS4A1

The CD20 protein encoded by the MS4A1 gene is a surface marker of B lymphocytes. Its main function is to regulate the activation and proliferation of B cells, and it plays a core role in adaptive immunity.

The CD20 protein influences the B-cell receptor signaling pathway by regulating calcium homeostasis. Its function does not directly involve ligand binding, but rather it initiates downstream signal cascades by altering membrane potential and ion flow. This characteristic makes it a highly specific target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and autoimmune diseases.

Applications of MS4A1 and MS4A1 Antibody in Literature

1. Jiang, Hao-Ching, et al. "CD20/MS4A1 is a mammalian olfactory receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators." Nature Communications 15.1 (2024): 3360. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47698-3

The article indicates that in the olfactory epithelium of mice, the MS4A1 (CD20) protein acts as a novel odor receptor, capable of specifically recognizing chemical substances released by predators. The absence of this receptor causes mice to lose their instinctive avoidance response to the odors of predators, revealing a new mechanism of olfaction that drives essential innate behaviors for survival.

2. Song, Ye, et al. "CD8+ T cell-associated genes MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 are prognostic markers and inhibit the progression of colon cancer." Frontiers in Oncology 12 (2022): 941208. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.99659

This study, through bioinformatics and experimental verification, found that when MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 are highly expressed in colon cancer, the overall survival period of patients is longer and they are more sensitive to immunotherapy. This dual-gene combination can predict the immunotherapy efficacy and has potential therapeutic value in inhibiting tumor progression.

3. Wright, Casey M., et al. "MS4A1 dysregulation in asbestos-related lung squamous cell carcinoma is due to CD20 stromal lymphocyte expression." PLoS One 7.4 (2012): e34943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034943

This study compared asbestos-related and non-asbestos-related lung squamous cell carcinomas. It was found that MS4A1 was highly expressed in asbestos-related lung squamous cell carcinomas. Its protein was mainly located in the interstitial lymphocytes of the tumor rather than the cancer cells, suggesting that this difference might be related to the tumor microenvironment rather than a direct tumor marker.

4. Jiang, Duanfeng, et al. "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4‐mediated metabolic reprogramming is involved in rituximab resistance in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by affecting the expression of MS4A1/CD20." Cancer Science 112.9 (2021): 3585-3597. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.15055

This study reveals that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the upregulation of PDK4 expression promotes the metabolic shift of tumor cells towards glycolysis and negatively regulates the expression of MS4A1 (CD20), thereby inducing resistance to rituximab. Targeted inhibition of PDK4 can restore drug sensitivity.

5. Zuccolo, Jonathan, et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of the MS4A and TMEM176 gene families." PloS one 5.2 (2010): e9369. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009369

This study reveals that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the upregulation of PDK4 expression promotes the metabolic shift of tumor cells towards glycolysis and negatively regulates the expression of MS4A1 (CD20), thereby inducing resistance to rituximab. Targeted inhibition of PDK4 can restore drug sensitivity.

Creative Biolabs: MS4A1 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality MS4A1 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom MS4A1 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our MS4A1 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.