ANTXR1

ANTXR1 is a type I transmembrane protein and is a tumor-specific endothelial marker that has been implicated in colorectal cancer. The encoded protein has been shown to also be a docking protein or receptor for Bacillus anthracis toxin, the causative agent of the disease, anthrax. The binding of the protective antigen (PA) component, of the tripartite anthrax toxin, to this receptor protein mediates delivery of toxin components to the cytosol of cells. Once inside the cell, the other two components of anthrax toxin, edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) disrupt normal cellular processes.

Full Name

Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1

Function

Plays a role in cell attachment and migration. Interacts with extracellular matrix proteins and with the actin cytoskeleton. Mediates adhesion of cells to type 1 collagen and gelatin, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promotes cell spreading. Plays a role in the angiogenic response of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Biological Process

Actin cytoskeleton reorganization Source: UniProtKB
Blood vessel development Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity Source: Ensembl
Reproductive process Source: Ensembl
Substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading Source: UniProtKB
Toxin transport Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Cell membrane; Lamellipodium membrane; Filopodium membrane. At the membrane of lamellipodia and at the tip of actin-enriched filopodia. Colocalizes with actin at the base of lamellipodia.

Involvement in disease

Hemangioma, capillary infantile (HCI): A condition characterized by dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangiomas, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually presenting at birth or occurring within the first two or three months of life. They result from highly proliferative, localized growth of capillary endothelium and generally undergo regression and involution without scarring.
GAPO syndrome (GAPOS): An autosomal recessive disease characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, failure of tooth eruption, and progressive optic atrophy in some patients.

Topology

Extracellular: 33-321 aa
Helical: 322-342 aa
Cytoplasmic: 343-564 aa