AXIN2 Antibodies

Background

The AXIN2 gene encodes a key scaffold protein, which mainly functions as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. This protein maintains the balance of cell proliferation and differentiation by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, which is crucial for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Mutations in AXIN2 are associated with a variety of genetic diseases, especially in tumors such as colorectal cancer, where its dysfunction is common, leading to abnormal activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Since its discovery in the 1990s, AXIN2 has become an important molecular target for cancer research and targeted therapy development due to its core role in tumorigenesis and stem cell regulation. Continuous research on its structure and function has deepened people's understanding of cellular signal transduction networks and disease mechanisms.

Structure Function Application Advantage Our Products

Structure of AXIN2

AXIN2 protein is a key scaffold protein with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa. This value varies slightly among different biological species due to subtle differences in amino acid sequences.

Species	Human	Mouse	Zebrafish	Clawed toad
Molecular Weight (kDa)	110	108	105	109
Primary Structural Differences	Containing the complete RGS, DIX, and β-catenin binding domains, it is a core negative regulator of the Wnt pathway	Highly conserved in structure and functionally similar to its human homolog, it is often used in animal model studies	In early embryonic development is crucial, to participate in the body axis formation	Plays a key role in the determination of the dorsoventral axis of the embryo

This protein contains approximately 850 amino acids, and its primary structure includes characteristic functional domains such as RGS and DIX. Its protein structure forms "degradation complexes" with molecules such as APC, GSK-3β, CK1α and β-catenin through these functional domains. The core function of this complex is to promote the phosphorylation of β-catenin, which leads to its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby precisely inhibiting the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway. The stability of the AXIN2 protein itself is also feedback regulated by the Wnt signal, making it a dynamic regulatory hub in the pathway.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the human Axin2 conserved domains.¹

Key structural properties of AXIN2:

Linear scaffold structure composed of multiple domains
Conserved RGS domains mediate interactions with APC proteins
Specific DIX domains promote self-multimerization and signal complex assembly
Multiple phosphorylation sites precisely regulate its stability and functional activity

Functions of AXIN2

The core function of the AXIN2 protein is to serve as a negative regulatory hub of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, it is also widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression.

Function	Description
Regulation of the Wnt pathway	As a scaffold protein, it recruits GSK-3β, CK1α, APC and β-catenin to form a "degradation complex", promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin, thereby inhibiting the excessive activation of the pathway.
Developmental regulation	It is crucial in the early development of the embryo, participating in the formation of the body axis, the closure of the neural tube and the morphogenesis of various organs.
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis	In the adult group, such as intestinal crypt, hair follicle stem cells area chamber express, through negative feedback mechanism to maintain the balance of the stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
Tumor suppression	Its functional inactivation or mutation can lead to the stability and abnormal nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which is a key driving factor for the occurrence of various tumors such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Damage repair and regeneration	After tissue damage, it participates in regulating the proliferation and migration of repair cells and affects the tissue regeneration process.

Unlike most signaling proteins that are linearly regulated by concentration, the AXIN2 protein itself is transcriptionally activated by the Wnt signal, forming a precise negative feedback loop. This self-regulating property makes it a key steady-state controller for maintaining the activity of Wnt signals within an appropriate dynamic equilibrium range, rather than a simple switch.

Applications of AXIN2 and AXIN2 Antibody in Literature

1. Wang, Mengmeng, et al. "Axin2 coupled excessive Wnt‐glycolysis signaling mediates social defect in autism spectrum disorders." EMBO Molecular Medicine 15.6 (2023): e17101. https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202217101

This study reveals that the excessive activation of Wnt signaling and glycolysis in the anterior cingulate cortex of the autism model leads to social deficits. Stabilizing Axin2 can block its interaction with ENO1, reverse metabolic imbalance and repair synaptic function, thereby improving social behavior. Axin2 may become a potential therapeutic target.

2. Yu, Junhui, et al. "CDX2 inhibits the proliferation and tumor formation of colon cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via transactivation of GSK-3β and Axin2 expression." Cell Death & Disease 10.1 (2019): 26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1263-9

Research has found that CDX2 can directly bind to and activate the expression of GSK-3β and Axin2 genes, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and ultimately significantly slowing down the proliferation of colon cancer cells and tumor formation.

3. de Roo, Jolanda JD, et al. "Axin2/Conductin is required for normal haematopoiesis and T Lymphopoiesis." Cells 11.17 (2022): 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172679

Research has found that when Axin2 fluorescence was used to report mice, Wnt signaling activity was observed throughout the development of hematopoietic stem cells and T cells, with the strongest signaling in thymus epithelial cells. The loss of function leads to excessive activation of Wnt signaling, impairs the ability of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and hinders the early development of thymocytes.

4. Chen, Lianqi, et al. "Structural Basis of the Interaction between Human Axin2 and SIAH1 in the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway." Biomolecules 13.4 (2023): 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040647

Research has found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 specifically binds to the highly conserved 361-368 peptide segments on the Axin2 protein through the deep grooves formed by its β monolayer, revealing the structural mechanism by which SIAH1 mediates Axin2 degradation and regulates the Wnt pathway, providing a new target for drug design.

5. Zhang, Rui, et al. "AXIN2 reduces the survival of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22.23 (2021): 12954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312954

Research has found that in porcine pluripotent stem cells, overexpression of AXIN2 can impair cell survival and pluripotency. Knocking down AXIN2 can promote the expression of cell cycle genes and simultaneously inhibit apoptosis and differentiation-related genes, indicating that its precise regulation is crucial for maintaining the state of stem cells.

Creative Biolabs: AXIN2 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality AXIN2 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

Custom AXIN2 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our AXIN2 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.

Reference

Chen, Lianqi, et al. "Structural Basis of the Interaction between Human Axin2 and SIAH1 in the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway." Biomolecules 13.4 (2023): 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040647