GLRX5

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein, which is evolutionarily conserved. It is involved in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are required for normal iron homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive pyridoxine-refractory sideroblastic anemia.

Full Name

glutaredoxin 5

Function

Monothiol glutaredoxin involved in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster transfer (PubMed:20364084, PubMed:23615440).

Receives 2Fe/2S clusters from scaffold protein ISCU and mediates their transfer to apoproteins, to the 4Fe/FS cluster biosynthesis machinery, or export from mitochondrion (PubMed:20364084, PubMed:23615440, PubMed:24334290).

Required for normal regulation of hemoglobin synthesis by the iron-sulfur protein ACO1 (PubMed:20364084).

Biological Process

[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly Source: UniProtKB
Hemopoiesis Source: UniProtKB
Protein maturation by [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer Source: UniProtKB
Protein maturation by [4Fe-4S] cluster transfer Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Mitochondrion matrix

Involvement in disease

Anemia, sideroblastic, 3, pyridoxine-refractory (SIDBA3):
A form of sideroblastic anemia, a bone marrow disorder defined by the presence of pathologic iron deposits in erythroblast mitochondria. Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by anemia of varying severity, hypochromic peripheral erythrocytes, systemic iron overload secondary to chronic ineffective erythropoiesis, and the presence of bone marrow ringed sideroblasts. Sideroblasts are characterized by iron-loaded mitochondria clustered around the nucleus. SIDBA3 is refractory to treatment with vitamin B6, while iron chelation therapy may result in clinical improvement. SIDBA3 inheritance is autosomal recessive.
Spasticity, childhood-onset, with hyperglycinemia (SPAHGC):
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by childhood-onset of spasticity, spinal lesions, leukodystrophy, optic atrophy in some patients, non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, and defective enzymatic glycine cleavage. Glycine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are mildly increased in some but not all patients. The increase is less pronounced than in patients with classic non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.