LPCAT1

LPCAT1 is a member of the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family of proteins. LPCAT1 plays a role in phospholipid metabolism, specifically in the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine in the presence of acyl-CoA. This process is important in the synthesis of lung surfactant and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Elevated expression of this gene may contribute to the progression of oral squamous cell, prostate, breast, and other human cancers.

Full Name

LPCAT1

Function

Exhibits acyltransferase activity (PubMed:21498505, PubMed:18156367).
Exhibits acetyltransferase activity (By similarity).
Activity is calcium-independent (By similarity).
Catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or LPC) into phosphatidylcholine (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or PC) (PubMed:21498505, PubMed:18156367).
Catalyzes the conversion 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA) into 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid or PA) by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (By similarity).
Displays a clear preference for saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, and 1-myristoyl or 1-palmitoyl LPC as acyl donors and acceptors, respectively (By similarity).
Involved in platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis by catalyzing the conversion of the PAF precursor, 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) into 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAF) (By similarity).
May synthesize phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant, thereby playing a pivotal role in respiratory physiology (By similarity).
Involved in the regulation of lipid droplet number and size (PubMed:25491198).

Biological Process

Negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic processIEA:Ensembl
Phosphatidic acid biosynthetic processTAS:Reactome
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodelingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodelingTAS:Reactome
Phospholipid biosynthetic processISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of protein catabolic processIEA:Ensembl
Retina development in camera-type eyeIEA:Ensembl
Surfactant homeostasisIEA:Ensembl

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Golgi apparatus membrane
Cell membrane
Lipid droplet
May adopt a monotopic topology when embedded in the lipid monolayer of the lipid droplet, with both termini exposed to the cytoplasm.

Topology

Cytoplasmic: 1-57
Helical: 58-78
Lumenal: 79-534