THRA Antibodies

Structure of THRA

THRA is a nuclear receptor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 48-55 kDa. Its precise molecular weight varies slightly due to different subtypes (such as TRα1 and TRα2) and post-translational modifications.

THRA is composed of approximately 400 amino acids, and its structure includes a DNA binding domain (DBD) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD), forming a typical nuclear receptor folding pattern. DBD binds to the thyroid hormone response element (TRE) of the target gene through the zinc finger structure, while LBD is responsible for recognizing and binding to thyroid hormones (T3/T4). After the receptor is activated, its conformational changes promote the recruitment of co-regulatory factors, which in turn regulate the transcription of downstream genes. The ligand binding pocket of THRA is composed of hydrophobic amino acids, among which key residues (such as Arg228 and His381) are involved in hormone binding and signal transduction. The abnormal function of this receptor is closely related to metabolic disorders, heart diseases and developmental defects.

Fig. 1 Structural modeling of THRA ligandbinding domain dimer reveals the site of action of p.(E173G) variant.¹

Key structural properties of myoglobin:

• Modular domain composition
• Zinc finger structure mediates DNA recognition
• Hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket
• Key functional residues
• Dimerization ability

Functions of THRA

The main function of THRA is to mediate the genomic effects of thyroid hormones, and it also plays an important role in non-genomic regulation.

The hormone-binding kinetics of THRA shows high affinity (Kd≈10^-10 M), enabling it to sensitively respond to changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels. Compared with THRB of the same family, THRA dominates in certain tissues (such as the heart and skeletal muscle), and its abnormal function can lead to various diseases such as thyroid hormone resistance syndrome, metabolic disorders and developmental defects.

Applications of THRA and THRA Antibody in Literature

1. Giolito, Maria Virginia, et al. "Regulation of the THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, in intestinal lesions." Molecular Oncology 16.22 (2022): 3975-3993. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13298

Studies have confirmed that the THRA gene (encoding the thyroid hormone receptor TRα1) is highly expressed at the bottom of the intestinal crypt, overlapped with the Wnt/Notch signaling, and is upregulated in colorectal cancer. Studies have found that TCF7L2 (Wnt) and CDX2 activate THRA transcription, while RBPJ (Notch) inhibits its expression, revealing the role of the WNT-TR α1 bidirectional regulatory circuit in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and tumorigenesis.

2. Zhang, Chengcheng, Yiwei He, and Lu Liu. "Identifying therapeutic target genes for migraine by systematic druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization." The Journal of Headache and Pain 25.1 (2024): 100.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01805-3

Research has confirmed that based on Mendelian randomization analysis, 21 drugable genes, including THRA, are significantly associated with migraine. Among them, HMGCR and TGFB3 play key roles in both blood and brain tissue, providing a new direction for targeted therapy.

3. Graffunder, Adina Sophie, et al. "Spatiotemporal expression of thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 and THRA mRNA in human cerebral organoids recapitulating first trimester cortex development." Scientific Reports 14.1 (2024): 9355. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59533-2

Research has found that in the development of human brain organoids, the THRA gene is expressed in the early stage of the neuroepithelium and is significantly enhanced in excitatory neurons. Combined with the upregulation of the T3 response gene, it is confirmed that this model can be used to study the role of thyroid hormones in cortical neurogenesis.

4. Hess, Julian, et al. "Rapid diagnostic of Streptococcus suis in necropsy samples of pigs by thrA-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay." Microorganisms 11.10 (2023): 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102447

The research developed a novel LAMP detection method based on the thrA gene. Combined with the LPTV boiling method, it can rapidly detect Streptococcus suis in porcine brain swabs, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 95.8%, providing an efficient tool for clinical diagnosis.

5. Paisdzior, Sarah, et al. "A new mechanism in THRA resistance: the first disease-associated variant leading to an increased inhibitory function of THRA2." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22.10 (2021): 5338.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105338

Research has found that a novel missense mutation of the THRA gene (p.E173G) leads to functional acquisition changes, abnormally enhanced transcriptional activity of THRA1, and intensified antagonistic effect of THRA2, revealing for the first time the mechanism by which dual functional abnormalities of THRA cause thyroid hormone disorder symptoms.

Creative Biolabs: THRA Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality THRA antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom THRA Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our THRA antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.