Top2

Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands (PubMed:6308011, PubMed:2547764, PubMed:1328202, PubMed:8383533, PubMed:10786800, PubMed:8978614). Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks (PubMed:6308011, PubMed:2547764, PubMed:1328202, PubMed:8383533, PubMed:10786800, PubMed:9545289). Top2 is essential during mitosis and meiosis for proper segregation of daughter chromosomes (PubMed:10751154, PubMed:14600258, PubMed:18752348, PubMed:25340780). During meiosis, it disrupts heterochromatic connections between achiasmate and chiasmate homologs after spindle assembly so that chromosomes can separate at prometaphase I (PubMed:25340780). During mitosis, it functions in the separation of sister chromatids by establishing amphitelic kinetochore attachments in mitotic spindles (PubMed:18752348). Top2 may have a role in chromatin condensation and chromosome structure (PubMed:14600258, PubMed:18752348, PubMed:25340780). Top2 may be involved in X-chromosome dosage compensation, perhaps by modifying the topological state of compensated genes (PubMed:23989663). It regulates activity of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex by binding to mod(mdg4) and preventing its degradation (PubMed:21304601).

Full Name

Topoisomerase 2

Function

Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands (PubMed:6308011, PubMed:2547764, PubMed:1328202, PubMed:8383533, PubMed:10786800, PubMed:8978614).
Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks (PubMed:6308011, PubMed:2547764, PubMed:1328202, PubMed:8383533, PubMed:10786800, PubMed:9545289).
Essential during mitosis and meiosis for proper segregation of daughter chromosomes (PubMed:10751154, PubMed:14600258, PubMed:18752348, PubMed:25340780).
During meiosis, it disrupts heterochromatic connections between achiasmate and chiasmate homologs after spindle assembly so that chromosomes can separate at prometaphase I (PubMed:25340780).
During mitosis, it functions in the separation of sister chromatids by establishing amphitelic kinetochore attachments in mitotic spindles (PubMed:18752348).
May have a role in chromatin condensation and chromosome structure (PubMed:14600258, PubMed:18752348, PubMed:25340780).
May be involved in X-chromosome dosage compensation, perhaps by modifying the topological state of compensated genes (PubMed:23989663).
Regulates activity of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex by binding to mod(mdg4) and preventing its degradation (PubMed:21304601).

Biological Process

Biological Process chromosome condensation Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process DNA topological change Source:FlyBase2 Publications
Biological Process heterochromatin assembly Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process male meiosis chromosome segregation Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process meiotic cell cycle Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process metaphase plate congression Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process mitotic cell cycle Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process mitotic chromosome condensation Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process mitotic sister chromatid segregation Source:FlyBase1 Publication
Biological Process resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process sister chromatid segregation Source:FlyBase2 Publications

Cellular Location

Nucleus
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
Nuclear at interphase, becoming diffusely dispersed in the cytoplasm at later cell cycle stages (PubMed:10885744, PubMed:10751154).
However in early developing embryos, some may remain associated with condensed chromosomes at metaphase (PubMed:10885744).

PTM

Phosphorylated (PubMed:1328202, PubMed:8383533, PubMed:10751154).
Phosphorylation by casein kinase II enhances ATPase activity (PubMed:1328202).