IL12B

This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Interleukin 12B

Cytokine that can act as a growth factor for activated T and NK cells, enhance the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine-activated killer cells, and stimulate the production of IFN-gamma by resting PBMC.

Associates with IL23A to form the IL-23 interleukin, a heterodimeric cytokine which functions in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-23 may constitute with IL-17 an acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL-23 binds to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL12RB1 and IL23R, activates the Jak-Stat signaling cascade, stimulates memory rather than naive T-cells and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-23 induces autoimmune inflammation and thus may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and may be important for tumorigenesis.

Cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to interferon-gamma Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: GO_Central
Defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: BHF-UCL
Defense response to protozoan Source: Ensembl
Defense response to virus Source: Ensembl
Natural killer cell activation Source: UniProtKB
Natural killer cell activation involved in immune response Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of interleukin-10 production Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-17 production Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of protein secretion Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cell adhesion Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of defense response to virus by host Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: ComplexPortal
Positive regulation of interleukin-10 production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of interleukin-12 production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of interleukin-17 production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation Source: AgBase
Positive regulation of natural killer cell activation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of NK T cell activation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: ComplexPortal
Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of T cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response Source: ComplexPortal
Positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of tissue remodeling Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of cytokine production Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: BHF-UCL
Response to UV-B Source: UniProtKB
Sensory perception of pain Source: Ensembl
Sexual reproduction Source: BHF-UCL
T-helper 1 type immune response Source: UniProtKB
T-helper cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB

Secreted

Immunodeficiency 29 (IMD29):
A form of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, a rare condition caused by impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity. It is characterized by predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other microorganisms rarely cause severe clinical disease in individuals with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, with the exception of Salmonella which infects less than 50% of these individuals. Clinical outcome severity depends on the degree of impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity. Some patients die of overwhelming mycobacterial disease with lepromatous-like lesions in early childhood, whereas others develop, later in life, disseminated but curable infections with tuberculoid granulomas. IMD29 is characterized by undetectable IL12B secretion from leukocytes. Affected individuals generally present with BCG disease after vaccination in childhood, and at least half also have Salmonella infection. Disease phenotype is relatively mild, and patients have a good prognosis.
Psoriasis 11 (PSORS11):
A common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by red, scaly plaques usually found on the scalp, elbows and knees. These lesions are caused by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis and epidermis.

Known to be C-mannosylated in the recombinant protein; it is not yet known for sure if the wild-type protein is also modified.