KARS

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Lysyl-TRNA Synthetase

Function

Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA (PubMed:9278442, PubMed:18029264, PubMed:18272479).
When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages (PubMed:15851690).
Catalyzes the synthesis of the signaling molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and thereby mediates disruption of the complex between HINT1 and MITF and the concomitant activation of MITF transcriptional activity (PubMed:5338216, PubMed:14975237, PubMed:19524539, PubMed:23159739).
(Microbial infection) Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.

Biological Process

Basophil activation involved in immune responseManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:CAFA
Diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:CAFA
Lysyl-tRNA aminoacylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:CAFA
Positive regulation of macrophage activationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:CAFA
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:CAFA
Response to X-rayIEA:Ensembl
tRNA processing1 PublicationNAS:UniProtKB

PTM

Phosphorylated on a serine residue after mast cell stimulation with immunoglobulin E (IgE).