PAX6 Antibodies

Structure of PAX6

PAX6 is a transcription factor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 46 kDa, and its precise molecular weight varies slightly among different species. The following table lists the molecular weight and main structural characteristics of PAX6 protein in different species:

The PAX6 protein is composed of two highly conserved DNA-binding domains: the N-terminal PD domain (128 amino acids) and the C-terminal Homeodomain (60 amino acids). These two domains form stable three-dimensional structures through specific protein folding, enabling them to recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences. The C-terminal of the protein contains a transcriptional activation region rich in proline, serine and threonine, which plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression. PAX6 binds to the promoter regions of target genes through its DNA-binding domain, thereby regulating the expression of genes related to ocular development and neural differentiation.

Fig. 1 The PAX6 cDNA and protein.¹

Key structural properties of PAX6:

• Contains two DNA binding domains: PD domain and homeotypic domain
• Highly conserved helical-rotation helical motifs are used for specific DNA recognition
• The C-terminal transcriptional activation region is rich in proline, serine and threonine

Functions of PAX6

The main function of the PAX6 gene is to regulate the formation of the eyes and nervous system during embryonic development. In addition, it is also involved in the development of the pancreas and the cell differentiation of sensory organs.

PAX6 collaboratively recognizes and binds to the enhancer regions of target genes through its PD domain and Homeodomain. Its binding specificity is higher than that of many universal transcription factors, demonstrating its precise regulatory function during development.

Applications of PAX6 and PAX6 Antibody in Literature

1. Polisetti, Naresh, Günther Schlunck, and Thomas Reinhard. "PAX6 expression patterns in the adult human limbal stem cell niche." Cells 12.3 (2023): 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030400

In this study, through immunohistochemistry and Western blot, it was found that PAX6 was only expressed in limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC), but not in stromal cells (LMSC) or melanocytes, indicating that the expression of PAX6 was specifically confined to the epithelial cells in the limbal stem cell microenvironment.

2. Ochi, Shohei, et al. "Thirty years' history since the discovery of Pax6: from central nervous system development to neurodevelopmental disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23.11 (2022): 6115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116115

The article indicates that Pax6 is a key transcription factor that regulates the formation of brain region patterns, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells during the development of the nervous system. This gene mutation is associated with WAGR syndrome, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, and is of great significance for studying the mechanism of neurodevelopmental diseases.

3. Yu, Fei, et al. "PAX6, modified by SUMOylation, plays a protective role in corneal endothelial injury." Cell Death & Disease 11.8 (2020): 683. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02848-5

The article indicates that PAX6 is upregulated after corneal endothelial injury and alleviates the injury by enhancing the tight junctions of cells. Sumoylation modification (at K53/K89 sites) can reduce the stability of PAX6, while SENP1-mediated desumoylation can enhance the stability of PAX6 protein and promote endothelial repair, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.

4. Shohayeb, Belal, and Helen M. Cooper. "The ups and downs of Pax6 in neural stem cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 299.5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104680

Research has found that the acetylation modification of Pax6 protein mediated by Kat2a can promote its ubiquitination and degradation through the proteasome, thereby regulating the proliferation and differentiation process of neural stem cells. This new mechanism reveals the post-translational regulatory mode at the Pax6 protein level.

5. Hou, Ya-Nan, Sheng Li, and Yun-**a Luan. "Pax6 in collembola: adaptive evolution of eye regression." Scientific Reports 6.1 (2016): 20800. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20800

In this study, by cloning the Pax6 genes of both eyeless and eyeless jumping bugs, it was found that both could induce the formation of ectopic eyes in fruit flies. However, the activation ability of Fc-Pax6 in soil eyeless jumping bugs was significantly weakened due to mutations at the key C-terminal site. This proved at the molecular level that the monophyletic origin and degeneration of jumping bug eyes are due to adaptive evolution.

Creative Biolabs: PAX6 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality PAX6 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom PAX6 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our PAX6 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.