PEX5

The product of this gene binds to the C-terminal PTS1-type tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal (SKL-type) and plays an essential role in peroxisomal protein import. Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. The peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are a heterogeneous group with at least 14 complementation groups and with more than 1 phenotype being observed in cases falling into particular complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS) as well as may be a cause of infantile Refsum disease (IRD). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

Full Name

Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 5

Function

Binds to the C-terminal PTS1-type tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal (SKL-type) and plays an essential role in peroxisomal protein import.

Biological Process

Cell developmentIEA:Ensembl
Cerebral cortex cell migrationIEA:Ensembl
Cerebral cortex neuron differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Endoplasmic reticulum organizationIEA:Ensembl
Fatty acid beta-oxidationIEA:Ensembl
Mitochondrial membrane organizationIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Neuromuscular processIEA:Ensembl
Neuron migrationIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of multicellular organism growthIEA:Ensembl
Protein import into peroxisome matrixManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Protein import into peroxisome matrix, dockingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocationIDA:UniProtKB
Protein import into peroxisome membraneManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Protein targeting to peroxisomeIDA:UniProtKB
Protein tetramerizationIDA:UniProtKB
Very long-chain fatty acid metabolic processIEA:Ensembl

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm
Peroxisome membrane
Its distribution appears to be dynamic. It is probably a cycling receptor found mainly in the cytoplasm and as well associated to the peroxisomal membrane through a docking factor (PEX13).

Involvement in disease

Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2A (PBD2A):
A fatal peroxisome biogenesis disorder belonging to the Zellweger disease spectrum and characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction with profound psychomotor retardation, severe hypotonia and neonatal seizures, craniofacial abnormalities, liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Additional features include cardiovascular and skeletal defects, renal cysts, ocular abnormalities, and hearing impairment. Most severely affected individuals with the classic form of the disease (classic Zellweger syndrome) die within the first year of life.
Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2B (PBD2B):
A peroxisome biogenesis disorder that includes neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), two milder manifestations of the Zellweger disease spectrum. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy and vision impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, while patients with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood. The clinical conditions are often slowly progressive in particular with respect to loss of hearing and vision. The biochemical abnormalities include accumulation of phytanic acid, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid and pipecolic acid.
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata 5 (RCDP5):
A form of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, a disease characterized by severely disturbed endochondral bone formation, rhizomelic shortening of femur and humerus, vertebral disorders, dwarfism, cataract, cutaneous lesions, facial dysmorphism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity.

PTM

Monoubiquitination at Cys-11 is required for proper export from peroxisomes and recycling.