SSTR2

Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. SSTR2 is a member of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments and is expressed in highest levels in cerebrum and kidney.

Full Name

Somatostatin Receptor 2

Function

Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 and MAPK2 phosphorylation and subsequent up-regulation of CDKN1B. Stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth and may participate in neuron development and maturation during brain development. Mediates negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling through PTPN6. Inactivates SSTR3 receptor function following heterodimerization.

Biological Process

Biological Process adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to estradiol stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process cerebellum developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process forebrain developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Biological Process negative regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Biological Process neuropeptide signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process peristalsisIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of muscle contractionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to starvationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process spermatogenesisIEA:Ensembl

Cellular Location

Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein
Cytoplasm
Located mainly at the cell surface under basal conditions. Agonist stimulation results in internalization to the cytoplasm.

Topology

Extracellular: 1-43
Helical: 44-67
Cytoplasmic: 68-78
Helical: 79-103
Extracellular: 104-118
Helical: 119-138
Cytoplasmic: 139-161
Helical: 162-181
Extracellular: 182-207
Helical: 208-229
Cytoplasmic: 230-253
Helical: 254-278
Extracellular: 279-288
Helical: 289-303
Cytoplasmic: 304-369