CD163 Antibodies

Structure of CD163

CD163 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. Its exact weight varies slightly due to species and glycosylation modifications.

The extracellular region of this protein is composed of nine scavenger receptor cysteine-enriched (SRCR) domains in tandem, among which the seventh SRCR domain is a key region for binding to the hemoglob-haptoglobin complex. Its tertiary structure forms a rigid conformation through abundant disulfide bonds, providing a structural basis for ligand recognition. The transmembrane region and intracellular segment mediate signal transduction through the PDZ domain to complete the ligand localization process.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the three CD163 transmembrane isoforms.¹

Key structural properties of CD163:

• Encode the extracellular region containing multiple SRCR domains
• Rich in cysteine to form stable disulfide bonds
• Specifically recognize the hemoglobin - haptoglobin complex

Functions of CD163

The main function of CD163 is to mediate the clearance of hemoglobin and participate in immune regulation. However, it also involves a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes such as anti-inflammatory responses, tissue repair and iron metabolism.

CD163 has an extremely high affinity for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex, and its binding curve shows typical saturation kinetic characteristics, which is consistent with its efficient clearance function as a specific scavenger receptor. Its intracellular domain coordinates the completion of ligand localization, catabolism and subsequent cellular responses through specific signal transduction pathways.

Applications of CD163 and CD163 Antibody in Literature

1. Nielsen, Marlene Christina, et al. "Macrophage activation markers, CD163 and CD206, in acute-on-chronic liver failure." Cells 9.5 (2020): 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051175

The article indicates that the macrophage scavenger receptors CD163 and CD206 have significant biomarker value in acute and chronic liver diseases. The release of its soluble forms sCD163 and sCD206 is enhanced with inflammatory activation, especially in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The levels of both are significantly correlated with disease severity and mortality, but due to the differences in their release mechanisms, their prognostic assessment values vary.

2. Ratajczak, Wiktoria, Sarah D. Atkinson, and Catriona Kelly. "The TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis—implications for metabolic disease." Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 23.3 (2022): 449-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09688-4

The article indicates that TWEAK is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions through two receptors, Fn14 and CD163. CD163 acts as a scavenger receptor and is responsible for eliminating soluble tweGs. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, the TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis signals are dysregulated, shifting from protective to harmful, and become a key immunomodulatory pathway for the development of chronic diseases such as metabolic disorders.

3. Sakamoto, Atsushi, et al. "CD163+ macrophages restrain vascular calcification, promoting the development of high-risk plaque." JCI insight 8.5 (2023): e154922. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.154922

Studies have shown that CD163+ macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques have a new function of inhibiting vascular calcification. It activates the NF-κB pathway through the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex, thereby inducing smooth muscle cells to produce hyaluronic acid and thus hindering the calcification process. This explains why high-risk plaques that are prone to rupture actually have a lower degree of calcification.

4. Plevriti, Andriana, et al. "The role of soluble CD163 (sCD163) in human physiology and pathophysiology." Cells 13.20 (2024): 1679. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201679

Studies have shown that soluble CD163 (sCD163) is an important marker of macrophage activation. It is formed by the shedding of CD163 receptors on the cell membrane, and its plasma concentration reflects the activation level of macrophages in the body. sCD163 has multiple functions such as hemoglobin clearance and immune regulation. Its level is closely related to the severity and prognosis of various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors.

5. Skytthe, Maria K., Jonas Heilskov Graversen, and Søren K. Moestrup. "Targeting of CD163+ macrophages in inflammatory and malignant diseases." International journal of molecular sciences 21.15 (2020): 5497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155497

Studies have shown that CD163 is a surface marker of a specific macrophage subpopulation and is highly enriched in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments. Based on its internalization characteristics, drug conjugates targeting CD163 (such as those linked to antibiotics or glucocorticoids) can precisely deliver drugs in animal models, significantly enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity, demonstrating broad prospects for targeted therapy.

Creative Biolabs: CD163 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CD163 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CD163 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CD163 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.