PDYN Antibodies

Structure of PDYN

The proenkephalin encoded by the PDYN gene is a medium-sized neuropeptide precursor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 27-29 kDa. This protein shows obvious sequence differences among different species, which directly affect its proteolytic processing efficiency and the composition of active neuropeptides.

Prophorphin is composed of 256 amino acids, and its primary structure contains multiple conserved functional domains: N-terminal signaling peptide, phorphin A (1-17), phorphin B (1-29), and active fragments such as α -neoendorphin. These regions are separated by paired basic amino acid protease cleavage sites (KR, RR), forming a modular structure. The three-dimensional conformation of the protein presents a flexible and disordered feature, and its C-terminal region can form an amphiphilic α -helix. This structural characteristic facilitates its specific recognition and efficient cleavage with membrane-bound proteases, thereby releasing neuropeptides with opioid activity.

Fig. 1 Predicted regulators of Pdyn and Scg2 in Drd1-MSNs.¹

Key structural properties of PDYN:

• Linear precursor proteins composed of multiple domains
• Paired basic amino acid protease cleavage site (KR/RR)
• Multiple conserved active neuropeptide sequence modules
• The C-terminal region can form an amphiphilic α -helix

Functions of PDYN

The main function of the protein encoded by the PDYN gene is to serve as a precursor molecule of endogenous opioid peptides. However, it is also involved in the regulation of various neurophysiological processes, including stress responses and reward mechanisms.

Neuropeptides derived from PDYN have unique signal transduction characteristics compared with μ -type opioid receptor ligands, and their functional diversity reflects the key role of the neuropeptide system in integrating behavior and physiological responses.

Applications of PDYN and PDYN Antibody in Literature

1. Phillips, Robert A., et al. "Temporally specific gene expression and chromatin remodeling programs regulate a conserved Pdyn enhancer." Elife 12 (2023): RP89993. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.89993

The article indicates that after neuron activation, the transcription factors encoded by genes in the early and immediate stage can drive chromatin remodeling and enhance the openness of distant genomic regions. The research identified a conserved enhancer regulating the opioid neuropeptide gene Pdyn, which is essential for PDYN transcription and is expected to become a therapeutic target for related brain diseases.

2. Yáñez-Gómez, Fernando, et al. "Regulation of cortico-thalamic JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 MAPKs and apoptosis-related signaling pathways in PDYN gene-deficient mice following acute and chronic mild stress." International journal of molecular sciences 24.3 (2023): 2303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032303

Research has found that knocking out the PDYN gene reduces the basic activity of MAPK signals such as JNK and ERK in the cortex and thalamus of mice. More importantly, the deletion of this gene specifically blocks the activation of the JNK and FADD signaling pathways caused by stress, suggesting that pDyN-encoded endorphins play a key role in stress-induced neural plasticity.

3. Preuss, Ulrich W., et al. "PDYN rs2281285 variant association with drinking to avoid emotional or somatic discomfort." PloS one 8.11 (2013): e78688. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078688

Research has found that the rs2281285 variant of the PDYN gene significantly increases the risk of "negative craving" among alcohol-dependent individuals, meaning they are more inclined to relieve negative emotions or physical discomfort through alcohol consumption. This genetic marker helps identify people who are prone to relapse due to negative emotions and provides a basis for formulating targeted treatment plans.

4. Yuferov, Vadim, et al. "Neurocognitive and neuroinflammatory correlates of PDYN and OPRK1 mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of HIV-infected subjects." Journal of Neuroinflammation 11.1 (2014): 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-11-5

Research has found that in the anterior cingulate cortex of HIV-infected individuals, the mRNA level of pronorphin (PDYN) is significantly decreased, while the expression of its receptor OPRK1 is increased. Research has found that higher levels of PDYN are positively correlated with better motor function and the anti-inflammatory marker CD163, suggesting that PDYN may affect HIV-related neurocognitive function by regulating inflammatory responses.

5. Li, Qun, et al. "Expression of genes for Kisspeptin (KISS1), Neurokinin B (TAC3), Prodynorphin (PDYN), and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (RFRP) across natural puberty in ewes." Physiological reports 8.5 (2020): e14399. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14399

Research has found that during the pubertal transition of ewes, the number of cells expressing proenkephalin (PDYN) in the lateral region of the arcuate nucleus head increases. This study suggests that this specific brain region change in PDYN expression may be related to the activation regulation of the reproductive neuroendocrine network during adolescence.

Creative Biolabs: PDYN Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality PDYN antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom PDYN Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our PDYN antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.