RHOC

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It is thought to be important in cell locomotion. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Ras Homolog Family Member C

Function

Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates apical junction formation in bronchial epithelial cells.

Biological Process

Biological Process actin filament organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process apical junction assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process cortical cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process establishment or maintenance of cell polarityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process mitotic cytokinesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentHMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of lipase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:AgBase
Biological Process positive regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of stress fiber assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of cell shapeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process skeletal muscle satellite cell migrationISS:AgBase
Biological Process small GTPase mediated signal transductionIEA:InterPro
Biological Process wound healing, spreading of cellsISS:AgBase

Cellular Location

Cell membrane
Cleavage furrow
Translocates to the equatorial region before furrow formation in a ECT2-dependent manner.

PTM

(Microbial infection) Glycosylated at Tyr-34 by Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin PAU_02230. Mono-O-GlcNAcylation by PAU_02230 inhibits downstream signaling by an impaired interaction with diverse regulator and effector proteins of Rho and leads to actin disassembly.
(Microbial infection) Glucosylated at Thr-37 by C.difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB in the colonic epithelium (PubMed:24905543).
Monoglucosylation completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption (PubMed:24905543).