Summary
Basic Information
Immunogen
KEAP1 antibody was raised in mouse using a full length recombinant protein of human KEAP1 (NP_987096) produced in HEK293T cells, as the immunogen
Application Notes
The COA includes recommended starting dilutions, optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
Formulations & Storage [For reference only, actual COA shall prevail!]
Buffer
1% BSA, 50% glycerol
Preservative
0.02% sodium azide
Concentration
0.5 mg-1 mg/mL
Purity
> 95% Purity determined by SDS-PAGE.
Storage
Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freezethaw cycles.
Target
Introduction
This gene encodes a protein containing KELCH-1 like domains, as well as a BTB/POZ domain. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 interacts with NF-E2-related factor 2 in a redox-sensitive manner and the dissociation of the proteins in the cytoplasm is followed by transportation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to the nucleus. This interaction results in the expression of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Alternative Names
Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1; Kelch-Like Family Member 19; Cytosolic Inhibitor Of Nrf2; Kelch-Like Protein 19; KLHL19; INrf2; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; KIAA0132;
Function
Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the response to oxidative stress by targeting NFE2L2/NRF2 for ubiquitination (PubMed:14585973, PubMed:15379550, PubMed:15572695, PubMed:15983046, PubMed:15601839).
KEAP1 acts as a key sensor of oxidative and electrophilic stress: in normal conditions, the BCR(KEAP1) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of NFE2L2/NRF2, a transcription factor regulating expression of many cytoprotective genes (PubMed:15601839, PubMed:16006525).
In response to oxidative stress, different electrophile metabolites trigger non-enzymatic covalent modifications of highly reactive cysteine residues in KEAP1, leading to inactivate the ubiquitin ligase activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear accumulation and expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes (PubMed:19489739, PubMed:16006525, PubMed:17127771, PubMed:18251510, PubMed:29590092).
In response to selective autophagy, KEAP1 is sequestered in inclusion bodies following its interaction with SQSTM1/p62, leading to inactivation of the BCR(KEAP1) complex and activation of NFE2L2/NRF2 (PubMed:20452972).
The BCR(KEAP1) complex also mediates ubiquitination of SQSTM1/p62, increasing SQSTM1/p62 sequestering activity and degradation (PubMed:28380357).
The BCR(KEAP1) complex also targets BPTF and PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:15379550, PubMed:17046835).
Biological Process
Cellular response to interleukin-4IEA:Ensembl
Cellular response to oxidative stressManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factorManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
In utero embryonic developmentIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Protein ubiquitinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of autophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of epidermal cell differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm; Nucleus. Mainly cytoplasmic (PubMed:15601839).
In response to selective autophagy, relocalizes to inclusion bodies following interaction with SQSTM1/p62 (PubMed:20452972).
PTM
Non-enzymatic covalent modifications of reactive cysteines by electrophile metabolites inactivate the BCR(KEAP1) complex (PubMed:17127771, PubMed:18251510, PubMed:29590092, PubMed:30323285).
Accumulation of fumarate promotes the formation of cysteine S-succination (S-(2-succinyl)cysteine), leading to inactivate the BCR(KEAP1) complex and promote NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear accumulation and activation (By similarity).
Nitric oxide-dependent 8-Nitro-cGMP formation promotes cysteine guanylation (S-cGMP-cysteine), leading to NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear accumulation and activation (By similarity).
Itaconate, an anti-inflammatory metabolite generated in response to lipopolysaccharide, alkylates cysteines, activating NFE2L2/NRF2 (PubMed:29590092).
Methylglyoxal, a reactive metabolite that accumulates when the glycolytic enzyme PGK1 is inhibited, promotes formation of a methylimidazole cross-link between proximal Cys-151 and Arg-135 on another KEAP1 molecule, resulting in an inactive dimer that inactivates the BCR(KEAP1) complex (PubMed:30323285).
Degraded via a proteasomal-independent process during selective autophagy: interaction with phosphorylated SQSTM1/p62 sequesters KEAP1 in inclusion bodies, leading to its degradation.
Auto-ubiquitinated by the BCR(KEAP1) complex (PubMed:15572695, PubMed:15983046).
Quinone-induced oxidative stress, but not sulforaphane, increases its ubiquitination (PubMed:15572695, PubMed:15983046).
Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation is most pronounced following prolonged exposure of cells to oxidative stress, particularly in glutathione-deficient cells that are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (PubMed:15572695, PubMed:15983046).
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