ATG7

This gene encodes an E1-like activating enzyme that is essential for autophagy and cytoplasmic to vacuole transport. The encoded protein is also thought to modulate p53-dependent cell cycle pathways during prolonged metabolic stress. It has been associated with multiple functions, including axon membrane trafficking, axonal homeostasis, mitophagy, adipose differentiation, and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Full Name

Autophagy Related 7

Alternative Names

Autophagy Related 7; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme E1-Like Protein; ATG12-Activating Enzyme E1 ATG7; APG7-LIKE; APG7L; HAGP7; ATG7 Autophagy Related 7 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae);

Function

E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Modulates p53/TP53 activity to regulate cell cycle and survival during metabolic stress. Plays also a key role in the maintenance of axonal homeostasis, the prevention of axonal degeneration, the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, the formation of Paneth cell granules, as well as in adipose differentiation. Plays a role in regulating the liver clock and glucose metabolism by mediating the autophagic degradation of CRY1 (clock repressor) in a time-dependent manner (By similarity).

Biological Process

Aging Source: Ensembl
Autophagosome assembly Source: GO_Central
Autophagy Source: GO_Central
Autophagy of mitochondrion Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Cellular response to hyperoxia Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to morphine Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to nitrogen starvation Source: GO_Central
Cellular response to starvation Source: UniProtKB
Chaperone-mediated autophagy Source: Ensembl
C-terminal protein lipidation Source: GO_Central
Defense response to virus Source: CACAO
Late nucleophagy Source: GO_Central
Macroautophagy Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death Source: Ensembl
Neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
Piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation by symbiont of host autophagy Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of autophagy Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of protein catabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of protein modification process Source: MGI
Protein lipidation Source: MGI
Protein modification by small protein conjugation Source: GO_Central
Protein transport Source: UniProtKB-KW
Regulation of circadian rhythm Source: UniProtKB
Response to fluoride Source: Ensembl
Response to glucose Source: Ensembl
Rhythmic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Suppression by virus of host autophagy Source: CACAO

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Preautophagosomal structure. Localizes also to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme and to the base of the ciliary axoneme.

PTM

Acetylated by EP300.