CD160 Antibodies

Background

CD160 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein participates in regulating the activation and inhibitory signal transduction of immune cells such as natural killer cells and T lymphocytes by interacting with various ligands (including classical and non-classical MHC I molecules). It plays a crucial regulatory role in innate and adaptive immune responses. CD160 is of great significance in various pathological physiological processes such as viral infections, tumor immune surveillance, and transplant rejection reactions. This molecule was first discovered and cloned in the early 1990s. Subsequent studies have shown that it exists in two forms: membrane-bound and soluble. It can regulate the functional activity of immune effector cells through different signaling pathways. The research on the structure and function of CD160 not only deepens our understanding of the complexity of the immune receptor network but also provides potential molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of immune-related diseases.

Structure Function Application Advantage Our Products

Structure of CD160

CD160 is a membrane protein mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells, with a molecular weight of approximately 19 kDa. The CD160 proteins from different species have certain differences in structure and functional characteristics. Please refer to the table below for details:

Species	Human	Mouse	Rat
Molecular Weight (kDa)	19	18.5	18.8
Primary Structural Differences	The GPI anchoring form is the main form	There are two forms: transmembrane and GPI	Similar to mice

The amino acid sequence of the CD160 protein contains an immunoglobulin-like domain, which is responsible for the specific recognition and binding with ligands. Protein structure analysis shows that CD160 exists in a dimeric form on the cell surface, and this configuration is conducive to enhancing its binding affinity with ligands. CD160 interacts with ligands through its extracellular domain, transmitting activation or inhibitory signals and regulating the effector functions of NK cells and T cells. Specific amino acid residues in the protein structure, especially those in the region involved in the ligand binding interface, are crucial for the immunomodulatory function of CD160, and the integrity of its structure directly affects the activation efficiency of downstream signaling pathways.

Fig. 1 CD160 gene structure and isoforms.¹

Key structural properties of CD160:

Immunoglobulin-like domain, belonging to the IgSF family
GPI-anchored structure, some subtypes exist in transmembrane form
Extracellular region mediates recognition by HVEM and MHC class I molecules
Cysteine residues participate in dimer formation

Functions of CD160

The main function of CD160 is to regulate the activity of immune cells and maintain immune homeostasis. However, it is also involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor immune surveillance and regulation of inflammatory responses.

Function	Description
Immune Regulation	CD160, by binding to HVEM and MHC I molecules, transmits inhibitory or activating signals, regulating the effector functions of NK cells and T cells.
Tumor Immune Surveillance	In the tumor microenvironment, CD160 is expressed on the surface of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and participates in the regulation of anti-tumor immune responses.
Viral Infection Control	CD160 is continuously expressed on exhausted T cells during chronic viral infections, affecting the efficiency of virus clearance and immune pathological damage.
Transplant Rejection Reaction	CD160-positive lymphocytes are involved in the recognition and rejection process of allogeneic grafts, playing a significant role in transplant immunity.
Autoimmune Regulation	The abnormality of the CD160 signaling pathway is associated with various autoimmune diseases, and it participates in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing the activation of autoreactive T cells.

The binding affinity of CD160 to its ligand is different from that of other immune checkpoint molecules. Its signal transduction characteristics exhibit a bidirectional regulatory function, capable of transmitting both inhibitory signals and activating signals, which depends on the specific immune microenvironment and cell type, reflecting its characteristic as a precise immune regulatory receptor.

Applications of CD160 and CD160 Antibody in Literature

1. Oumeslakht, Loubna, et al. "CD160 receptor in CLL: Current state and future avenues." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2022): 1028013. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028013

The article indicates that CD160 is a membrane protein expressed on specific immune cells. It is abnormally expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and can promote tumor proliferation. It can serve as a prognostic marker for detecting minimal residual disease in CLL, and is of great significance for preventing recurrence and achieving complete remission.

2. Scheffges, Claire, et al. "Identification of CD160-TM as a tumor target on triple negative breast cancers: possible therapeutic applications." Breast Cancer Research 26.1 (2024): 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-024-01785-x

The research has found that the CD160 transmembrane subtype is abnormally expressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The use of specific antibodies can induce immune cells to kill the tumors, providing new therapeutic targets and strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.

3. Kim, Tae-Jin, et al. "CD160 serves as a negative regulator of NKT cells in acute hepatic injury." Nature communications 10.1 (2019): 3258. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10320-y

The study found that the deficiency of CD160 would exacerbate the excessive activation of NKT cells, leading to more severe liver damage. CD160, together with BTLA, acts as non-redundant inhibitory receptors, negatively regulating the production of cytokines by NKT cells in the early stage of innate immunity.

4. Sun, Zheng, et al. "CD160 promotes NK cell functions by upregulating glucose metabolism and negatively correlates with HIV disease progression." Frontiers in immunology 13 (2022): 854432. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.854432

The research has found that the expression of CD160 on NK cells of HIV-infected individuals is decreased and is associated with disease progression. CD160 enhances the function of NK cells by regulating glucose metabolism, while TGF-β1 is the reason for its downregulation. This provides a potential target for HIV immunotherapy.

5. Wang, Xinyue, et al. "High levels of CD244 rather than CD160 associate with CD8+ T-cell aging." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2022): 853522. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.853522

The research found that CD160 and CD244 were both upregulated on the CD8+ T cells of the elderly. However, CD244 is the key regulatory factor that drives T cell aging. Blocking CD244 can reverse the aging-related functional disorders, providing a therapeutic target for improving immune aging.

Creative Biolabs: CD160 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CD160 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

Custom CD160 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CD160 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.

Reference

Oumeslakht, Loubna, et al. "CD160 receptor in CLL: Current state and future avenues." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2022): 1028013. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028013