RHOG

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein facilitates translocation of a functional guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 is activated to promote lamellipodium formation and cell migration. Two related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 20 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Full Name

Ras Homolog Family Member G

Function

Required for the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis. Plays a role in cell migration and is required for the formation of cup-like structures during trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes. In case of Salmonella enterica infection, activated by SopB and ARHGEF26/SGEF, which induces cytoskeleton rearrangements and promotes bacterial entry.

Biological Process

Biological Process actin cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:MGI
Biological Process actin filament organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process activation of GTPase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process cell chemotaxisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process cell projection assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process cortical cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process engulfment of apoptotic cellManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process establishment or maintenance of cell polarityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process motor neuron axon guidanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process positive regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Biological Process positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membraneManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:MGI
Biological Process Rac protein signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:MGI
Biological Process regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of cell shapeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of neutrophil migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of ruffle assemblyIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process Rho protein signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:MGI

Cellular Location

Cell membrane

PTM

(Microbial infection) Glucosylated at Thr-35 by C.difficile toxin TcdB.
(Microbial infection) Glycosylated (O-GlcNAcylated) at Thr-35 by C.novyi toxin TcdA (PubMed:8810274).
O-GlcNAcylation completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption (PubMed:8810274).