STAT2 Antibodies

Structure of STAT2

STAT2 is a transcription factor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 94 kDa. Its size varies slightly among different species due to sequence differences.

The STAT2 protein is composed of approximately 850 amino acids and adopts a typical multi-domain structure. Its core contains a SH2 domain, which mediates its interaction with proteins such as STAT1. The DNA-binding domain of the protein is responsible for recognizing specific gene regulatory sequences, while the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain is responsible for recruiting the transcriptional co-activator complex. The function of STAT2 is highly dependent on its tyrosine phosphorylation modification, which occurs at a specific residue and determines its central hub role in the type I interferon signaling pathway.

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the STAT2 gene.¹

Key structural properties of STAT2:

• Modular multi-domain protein configuration
• SH2 domains mediate protein interactions and signal transduction
• DNA binding domains recognize interferon stimulation response elements
• Conservative tyrosine phosphorylation sites is the key to its function to activate the switch

Functions of STAT2

The protein encoded by the STAT2 gene mainly functions to mediate the signal transduction of type I and type III interferons. However, it is also involved in regulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, and influencing other signaling pathways.

Unlike myoglobin, which has a high affinity and stable oxygen-binding property, the activation of STAT2 is rapid and reversible. Its phosphorylation state is strictly regulated by phosphatases, allowing the interferon signal to be sensitively initiated and promptly terminated to meet the dynamic requirements of immune defense.

Applications of STAT2 and STAT2 Antibody in Literature

1. Bucciol, Giorgia, et al. "Human inherited complete STAT2 deficiency underlies inflammatory viral diseases." The Journal of clinical investigation 133.12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI168321

The article indicates that the autosomal recessive genetic disorder with complete absence of STAT2 function can lead to interferon type I/III immune deficiency. Patients exhibit severe reactions to vaccinations, severe influenza/COVID-19/HSV-1 infections, and excessive inflammation from an early age, with a high mortality rate in childhood, confirming that this gene is crucial for viral survival.

2. Bluyssen, Hans. "STAT2-directed pathogen responses." Oncotarget 6.30 (2015): 28525. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5266

The article indicates that interferon (IFN) activates STAT1/2 through the JAK-STAT pathway and forms an ISGF3 complex with IRF9 to regulate antiviral genes. STAT2 particularly mediates I/III type IFN responses, and its functional deficiency will weaken the host's basic defense against various pathogens.

3. Veit, Ethan C., et al. "Evolution of STAT2 resistance to flavivirus NS5 occurred multiple times despite genetic constraints." Nature Communications 15.1 (2024): 5426. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49758-0

The article indicates that the Zika and Dengue viruses inhibit the host's interferon response by antagonizing STAT2. Studies have shown that although mammalian STAT2 has evolved multiple times to acquire antiviral antagonistic capabilities, it requires complex amino acid alterations and often accompanies functional loss, indicating that its evolution involves balance and costs.

4. Rogers, Meredith C., et al. "STAT2 limits host species specificity of human metapneumovirus." Viruses 12.7 (2020): 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070724

The article indicates that the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) evades the host's type I interferon antiviral immunity by targeting and degrading the human STAT2 protein. However, the murine STAT2, due to interspecies differences, can resist this degradation, thereby limiting the infectivity of HMPV towards murine cells.

5. Lee, Cheol-Jung, et al. "Stat2 stability regulation: an intersection between immunity and carcinogenesis." Experimental & molecular medicine 52.9 (2020): 1526-1536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00506-6

The article indicates that STAT2 is not only the core transcription factor of the type I interferon antiviral response, but recent studies have also revealed that it regulates stability through protein quality control mechanisms and affects cell proliferation, playing an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer.

Creative Biolabs: STAT2 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality STAT2 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom STAT2 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our STAT2 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at info@creative-biolabs.com.