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ULK1

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity. May phosphorylate ATG13/KIAA0652 and RPTOR; however such data need additional evidences. Plays a role early in neuronal differentiation and is required for granule cell axon formation. May also phosphorylate SESN2 and SQSTM1 to regulate autophagy (PubMed:25040165).
Full Name
Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1
Function
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation (PubMed:18936157, PubMed:21460634, PubMed:21795849, PubMed:23524951, PubMed:25040165, PubMed:31123703).
Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes (PubMed:18936157, PubMed:21460634, PubMed:21795849, PubMed:25040165).
Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR (PubMed:21795849).
Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity (PubMed:21460634).
May phosphorylate ATG13/KIAA0652 and RPTOR; however such data need additional evidences (PubMed:18936157).
Plays a role early in neuronal differentiation and is required for granule cell axon formation (PubMed:11146101).
May also phosphorylate SESN2 and SQSTM1 to regulate autophagy (PubMed:25040165).
Phosphorylates FLCN, promoting autophagy (PubMed:25126726).
Phosphorylates AMBRA1 in response to autophagy induction, releasing AMBRA1 from the cytoskeletal docking site to induce autophagosome nucleation (PubMed:20921139).
Phosphorylates ATG4B, leading to inhibit autophagy by decreasing both proteolytic activation and delipidation activities of ATG4B (PubMed:28821708).
Biological Process
Autophagosome assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
AutophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Autophagy of mitochondrionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Axon extensionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Cellular response to nutrient levelsISS:UniProtKB
Late nucleophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
MacroautophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ComplexPortal
Negative regulation of collateral sproutingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Neuron projection developmentManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Neuron projection regenerationIEA:Ensembl
Peptidyl-serine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:HGNC
Piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Positive regulation of autophagosome assemblyIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of autophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Protein autophosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Protein localizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Protein phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ComplexPortal
Regulation of macroautophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of protein lipidationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ComplexPortal
Response to starvationISS:UniProtKB
ReticulophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Signal transductionIEA:InterPro
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytosol
Preautophagosomal structure
Under starvation conditions, is localized to puncate structures primarily representing the isolation membrane that sequesters a portion of the cytoplasm resulting in the formation of an autophagosome.
PTM
Autophosphorylated. Phosphorylated under nutrient-rich conditions; dephosphorylated during starvation or following treatment with rapamycin. Under nutrient sufficiency, phosphorylated by MTOR/mTOR, disrupting the interaction with AMPK and preventing activation of ULK1 (By similarity).
In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylated and activated by AMPK, leading to activate autophagy.
Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-63'-linkage by a complex composed of AMBRA1 and TRAF6 following autophagy induction, promoting ULK1 stability and kinase activity.
Acetylated by KAT5/TIP60 under autophagy induction, promoting protein kinase activity.

Anti-ULK1 antibodies

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Target: ULK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBCNC-776
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Monkey
Clone: D9D7
Application*: WB, IP
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Clone: D8H5
Application*: WB, IP
Target: ULK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: 2H8
Application*: E, WB
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: 13G79
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Mouse, Rat, Human
Clone: CBCNC-110
Application*: WB, P
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: BA0299
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: BA0300
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1 (phospho S623)
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse
Clone: BA0301
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1 (phospho S556)
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse
Clone: BA0303
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1 (phospho S638)
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: BA0302
Application*: WB
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone: BA0271
Application*: WB, P, IF
Target: ULK1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: BA0272
Application*: IF
More Infomation
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.
(P): Predicted
* Abbreviations
IFImmunofluorescence
IHImmunohistochemistry
IPImmunoprecipitation
WBWestern Blot
EELISA
MMicroarray
CIChromatin Immunoprecipitation
FFlow Cytometry
FNFunction Assay
IDImmunodiffusion
RRadioimmunoassay
TCTissue Culture
GSGel Supershift
NNeutralization
BBlocking
AActivation
IInhibition
DDepletion
ESELISpot
DBDot Blot
MCMass Cytometry/CyTOF
CTCytotoxicity
SStimulation
AGAgonist
APApoptosis
IMImmunomicroscopy
BABioassay
CSCostimulation
EMElectron Microscopy
IEImmunoelectrophoresis
PAPeptide Array
ICImmunocytochemistry
PEPeptide ELISA
MDMeDIP
SHIn situ hybridization
IAEnzyme Immunoassay
SEsandwich ELISA
PLProximity Ligation Assay
ECELISA(Cap)
EDELISA(Det)
BIBioimaging
IOImmunoassay
LFLateral Flow Immunoassay
LALuminex Assay
CImmunohistochemistry-Frozen Sections
PImmunohistologyp-Paraffin Sections
ISIntracellular Staining for Flow Cytometry
MSElectrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
RIRNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP)
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