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Recombinant Rabbit Anti-ACTB Antibody (CBMAB-Ab271-LY)

Summary

Host Animal
Rabbit
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Zebrafish, Pig, Oryza sativa
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Application
WB 1:50000-1:200000; IHC 1:200-1:2000; IF 1:200-1:2000

Basic Information

Immunogen
Recombinant protein of human β-actin
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Zebrafish, Pig, Oryza sativa
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Application Notes
The COA includes recommended starting dilutions, optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.

Formulations & Storage [For reference only, actual COA shall prevail!]

Format
Liquid
Buffer
50% glycerol
Preservative
0.02% sodium azide
Purity
> 95% Purity determined by SDS-PAGE.
Storage
Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freezethaw cycles.

Target

Full Name
Actin Beta
Introduction
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins that are ubiquitously expressed. Mutations in this gene cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1, which is characterized by intellectual disability with a distinctive facial appearance in human patients. Numerous pseudogenes of this gene have been identified throughout the human genome.
Entrez Gene ID
UniProt ID
Alternative Names
ACTB; BRWS1; PS1TP5BP1; beta actin
Function
Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA.
Biological Process
Adherens junction assembly
Apical protein localization
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling
Axonogenesis
Cell junction assembly
Cell motility
Cellular response to cytochalasin B
Ephrin receptor signaling pathway
Establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
Maintenance of blood-brain barrier
Membrane organization
Morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium
Negative regulation of protein binding
Platelet aggregation
Positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
Positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake
Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization
Protein deubiquitination
Protein localization to adherens junction
Regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Regulation of norepinephrine uptake
Regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
Regulation of transepithelial transport
Regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
Retina homeostasis
Substantia nigra development
Cellular Location
Cytoskeleton; Nucleus. Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs.
Involvement in disease
Dystonia, juvenile-onset (DJO): A form of dystonia with juvenile onset. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to abnormal postures. Patients with juvenile-onset dystonia manifest progressive, generalized, dopa-unresponsive dystonia, developmental malformations and sensory hearing loss.
Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 (BRWS1): A rare developmental disorder characterized by the combination of congenital ptosis, high-arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, ocular colobomata, and a brain malformation consisting of anterior-predominant lissencephaly. Other typical features include postnatal short stature and microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and hearing loss.
PTM
ISGylated.
Oxidation of Met-44 and Met-47 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promote actin repolymerization.
Monomethylation at Lys-84 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration.
Methylated at His-73 by SETD3. Methylation at His-73 is required for smooth muscle contraction of the laboring uterus during delivery (By similarity).
N-terminal acetylation by NAA80 affects actin filament depolymerization and elongation, including elongation driven by formins. In contrast, filament nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex is not affected.
(Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-50 of one monomer and Glu-270 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding. The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners.

Sugimoto, K., Mori, M., Liu, J., Shibuya, K., Isose, S., Koide, M., ... & Kuwabara, S. (2021). Novel serum autoantibodies against ß-actin (ACTB) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 1-7.

Panagopoulos, I., Gorunova, L., Rise, T. V., Andersen, K., Micci, F., & Heim, S. (2020). An unbalanced chromosome translocation between 7p22 and 12q13 leads to ACTB-GLI1 fusion in pericytoma. Anticancer research, 40(3), 1239-1245.

Wang, X. T., Cheng, K., & Zhu, L. (2020). Hypoxia Accelerate β-actin Expression through Transcriptional Activation of ACTB by Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1. Molecular Biology, 1-7.

Malek, N., Mrówczyńska, E., Michrowska, A., Mazurkiewicz, E., Pavlyk, I., & Mazur, A. J. (2020). Knockout of ACTB and ACTG1 with CRISPR/Cas9 (D10A) technique shows that non-muscle β and γ actin are not equal in relation to human melanoma cells’ motility and focal adhesion formation. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(8), 2746.

Vanslembrouck, B., Ampe, C., & van Hengel, J. (2020). Time for rethinking the different β‐actin transgenic mouse models?. Cytoskeleton, 77(12), 527-543.

Zhou, F., Chen, X., Chen, G., Yan, J., & Xiao, Y. (2019). Identification of SAA and ACTB as potential biomarker of patients with severe HFMD using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. Clinical biochemistry, 67, 1-6.

Sandestig, A., Green, A., Jonasson, J., Vogt, H., Wahlström, J., Pepler, A., ... & Stefanova, M. (2018). Could dissimilar phenotypic effects of ACTB missense mutations reflect the Actin conformational change two novel mutations and literature review. Molecular syndromology, 9(5), 259-265.

Patrinostro, X., Roy, P., Lindsay, A., Chamberlain, C. M., Sundby, L. J., Starker, C. G., ... & Perrin, B. J. (2018). Essential nucleotide-and protein-dependent functions of Actb/β-actin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(31), 7973-7978.

Skogseid, I. M., Røsby, O., Konglund, A., Connelly, J. P., Nedregaard, B., Jablonski, G. E., ... & Glover, J. C. (2018). Dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by ACTB p. Arg183Trp heterozygosity shows striatal dopaminergic dysfunction and response to pallidal stimulation. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 10(1), 1-8.

Cuvertino, S., Stuart, H. M., Chandler, K. E., Roberts, N. A., Armstrong, R., Bernardini, L., ... & Banka, S. (2017). ACTB loss-of-function mutations result in a pleiotropic developmental disorder. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 101(6), 1021-1033.

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For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

Custom Antibody Labeling

We also offer labeled antibodies developed using our catalog antibody products and nonfluorescent conjugates (HRP, AP, Biotin, etc.) or fluorescent conjugates (Alexa Fluor, FITC, TRITC, Rhodamine, Texas Red, R-PE, APC, Qdot Probes, Pacific Dyes, etc.).

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