Mouse Anti-PTGS2 Recombinant Antibody (4k1) (CBMAB-C2457-LY)

Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2

Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099).

The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593).

This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593).

Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099).

In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067).

Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274).

Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177).

Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014).

Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014).

As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090).

In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990).

In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205).

During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity).

Cellular response to hypoxia Source: UniProtKB
Cyclooxygenase pathway Source: UniProtKB
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
Inflammatory response Source: InterPro
Lipoxygenase pathway Source: Reactome
Long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: Reactome
NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway Source: Reactome
Positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of fever generation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production Source: BHF-UCL
Prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of blood pressure Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of neuroinflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Response to oxidative stress Source: InterPro

Microsome membrane; Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Nucleus inner membrane; Nucleus outer membrane. Detected on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.

S-nitrosylation by NOS2 (iNOS) activates enzyme activity. S-nitrosylation may take place on different Cys residues in addition to Cys-526.
Acetylated at Ser-565 by SPHK1. During neuroinflammation, acetylation by SPHK1 promotes neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs), especially 15-R-lipoxin A4, which results in an increase of phagocytic microglia.