APLNR

APLNR is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. The encoded protein is related to the angiotensin receptor, but is actually an apelin receptor that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and plays a counter-regulatory role against the pressu

Full Name

Apelin Receptor

Function

Receptor for apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA) and apelin (APLN) hormones coupled to G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:11090199, PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936). Plays a key role in early development such as gastrulation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis by acting as a receptor for APELA hormone (By similarity). May promote angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis (By similarity). Promotes sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel development (By similarity). Plays also a role in various processes in adults such as regulation of blood vessel formation, blood pressure, heart contractility and heart failure (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936).
(Microbial infection) Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection; may be involved in the development of AIDS dementia (PubMed:11090199).

Biological Process

Adult heart development Source: Ensembl
Angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB-KW
Blood vessel development Source: GO_Central
Coronary vasculature development Source: UniProtKB
Gastrulation Source: UniProtKB-KW
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Heart development Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of body fluid levels Source: Ensembl
Vasculogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

Cellular Location

Cell membrane; After exposure to apelin (APLN), internalized from the cell surface into an endosomal recycling compartment, from where it is recycled to the cell membrane (By similarity). After exposure to apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA), internalized from the cell surface into an endosomal recycling compartment, from where it is recycled to the cell membrane (PubMed:25639753).

Topology

Extracellular: 1-26 aa
Helical: 27-51 aa
Cytoplasmic: 52-66 aa
Helical: 67-91 aa
Extracellular: 92-100 aa
Helical: 101-125 aa
Cytoplasmic: 126-144 aa
Helical: 145-166 aa
Extracellular: 167-200 aa
Helical: 201-221 aa
Cytoplasmic: 222-244 aa
Helical: 245-271 aa
Extracellular: 272-284 aa
Helical: 285-308 aa
Cytoplasmic: 309-380 aa