APOBEC3C

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C

Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation.

Biological Process

Cytidine deamination Source: UniProtKB
Cytidine to uridine editing Source: GO_Central
Defense response to virus Source: GO_Central
DNA cytosine deamination Source: GO_Central
DNA demethylation Source: UniProtKB
Innate immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
Negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of transposition Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of viral genome replication Source: UniProtKB
Viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Nucleus