GRIA2

Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels. These channels are assembled from 4 related subunits, GRIA1-4. The subunit encoded by this gene (GRIA2) is subject to RNA editing (CAG->CGG; Q->R) within the second transmembrane domain, which is thought to render the channel impermeable to Ca(2+). Human and animal studies suggest that pre-mRNA editing is essential for brain function, and defective GRIA2 RNA editing at the Q/R site may be relevant to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology. Alternative splicing, resulting in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, (including the flip and flop isoforms that vary in their signal transduction properties), has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2

Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system (PubMed:31300657).

It plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIP1 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity).

Chemical synaptic transmission Source: ProtInc
Ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc
Synaptic transmission, glutamatergic Source: ARUK-UCL

Cell membrane; Postsynaptic cell membrane; Postsynaptic density membrane; Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Interaction with CACNG2, CNIH2 and CNIH3 promotes cell surface expression (By similarity). Displays a somatodendritic localization and is excluded from axons in neurons (By similarity).

Neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment and behavioral abnormalities (NEDLIB):
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, poor or absent speech, and behavioral abnormalities, such as autism spectrum disorder, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. Some patients develop seizures and manifest developmental regression.

Extracellular: 25-543
Helical: 544-564
Cytoplasmic: 565-591
Helical: 592-607
Extracellular: 608-610
Helical: 611-616
Cytoplasmic: 617-637
Helical: 638-812
Extracellular: 813-833
Helical: 834-883

Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-610 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-836 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity).
Phosphorylation at Tyr-876 is required forc interaction with IQSEC1 and ARF6 activation.