IRS1 Antibodies

Structure of IRS1

IRS1 is a signaling adaptor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 131 kDa. This value may vary depending on different subtypes and post-translational modification states.

The IRS1 protein contains a pleckstrin homology domain and a phosphotyrosine binding domain, both of which are responsible for recognizing and binding to the activated insulin receptor. Its core structure contains multiple conserved tyrosine phosphorylation sites, which can recruit downstream effector molecules with SH2 domains after being phosphorylated. The serine/threonine phosphorylation sites of IRS1 act as a negative feedback regulatory hub. When these sites are over-phosphorylated, it will prevent tyrosine phosphorylation and thereby weaken insulin signal transduction.

Fig. 1 IRS1 signaling pathway: a perspective on CCA progression.¹

Structural characteristics of IRS1:

• PH domain: Anchors the cell membrane and recognizes the insulin receptor
• PTB domain: Bonds to the receptor and initiates signal transduction
• Tyrosine site: Recruits molecules such as PI3K and activates the pathway
• Serine site: Feedback regulation to control the intensity of the signal

Functions of IRS1

The core function of IRS1 is to conduct insulin signals and regulate cellular metabolism. However, it is also involved in various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and stress responses.

The activation of IRS1 follows a dose-dependent pattern: physiological levels of insulin induce moderate phosphorylation to maintain metabolic homeostasis; while long-term hyperinsulinemia triggers negative feedback regulation, resulting in excessive phosphorylation of serine and ultimately inducing insulin resistance.

Applications of IRS1 and IRS1 Antibody in Literature

1. Kaewlert, Waleeporn, et al. "Overexpression of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1) relates to poor prognosis and promotes proliferation, stemness, migration, and oxidative stress resistance in cholangiocarcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24.3 (2023): 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032428

The study found that oxidative stress promotes the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by upregulating the expression of IRS1. High expression of IRS1 is associated with a shorter survival period of patients, and it enhances the proliferation, migration, invasion and stress-resistance ability of cancer cells. IRS1 and its related genes can be used as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma.

2. Rohde, Kerstin, et al. "IRS1 DNA promoter methylation and expression in human adipose tissue are related to fat distribution and metabolic traits." Scientific reports 7.1 (2017): 12369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12393-5

The study found that the rs2943650 variation near the IRS1 gene is associated with increased methylation of the IRS1 promoter and decreased expression in the visceral fat of obese individuals, which in turn affects waist circumference and glucose metabolism indicators. This suggests that DNA methylation may mediate the effect of this variation on metabolic phenotypes.

3. Keshavarzi, Fatemeh, and Shadi Golsheh. "IRS 1‐rs10498210 G/A and CCR 5‐59029 A/G polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kurdistan." Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 7.5 (2019): e631. https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.631

The study found that the AA genotype of the IRS1 and CCR5 genes was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the Kurdish population, and carriers had an increased risk of the disease (IRS1: OR = 3.3; CCR5: OR = 2.9). Other genotypes did not show this association.

4. Gómez-Vilarrubla, Ariadna, et al. "Longitudinal Analysis of Placental IRS1 DNA Methylation and Childhood Obesity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26.7 (2025): 3141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073141

The study found that the methylation level of the placental IRS1 gene was significantly correlated with obesity and metabolic risks in children at the age of 6, and could effectively predict obesity in future generations. This suggests that IRS1 can serve as an early biomarker for predicting childhood obesity.

5. Martínez Báez, Anabel, et al. "Phosphorylation codes in IRS-1 and IRS-2 are associated with the activation/inhibition of insulin canonical signaling pathways." Current issues in molecular biology 46.1 (2024): 634-649. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010041

The review states that IRS1/2, as a signaling adaptor protein, is precisely regulated by phosphorylation: tyrosine phosphorylation activates PI3K to transmit insulin signals, while serine phosphorylation has an inhibitory effect. More than 50 key phosphorylation sites have been identified.

Creative Biolabs: IRS1 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality IRS1 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom IRS1 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our IRS1 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.