RAD51

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

RAD51 Recombinase

Plays an important role in homologous strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308).
Binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308).
Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308).
Recruited to resolve stalled replication forks during replication stress (PubMed:27797818, PubMed:31844045).
Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR (PubMed:24141787, PubMed:12442171).
Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3 (PubMed:20413593).
Also involved in interstrand cross-link repair (PubMed:26253028).

Biological Process cellular response to camptothecinManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process cellular response to cisplatinIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to DNA damage stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process cellular response to gamma radiationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to hydroxyureaIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to ionizing radiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycleManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process DNA recombinase assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process DNA recombinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process DNA repairManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Biological Process DNA unwinding involved in DNA replicationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process double-strand break repair via homologous recombinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process histone H2A monoubiquitination1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process interstrand cross-link repairManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process meiotic cell cycleISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process mitotic recombinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processingIEA:InterPro
Biological Process positive regulation of DNA ligationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process protein autoubiquitination1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process reciprocal meiotic recombinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of DNA damage checkpoint1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombinationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of protein phosphorylationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process replication fork processingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchangeIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to glucosideIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to toxic substanceIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to X-rayIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to xenobiotic stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process strand invasionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process telomere maintenance via recombinationBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process telomere maintenance via telomere lengtheningBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region
Mitochondrion matrix
Chromosome
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome
Colocalizes with RAD51AP1 and RPA2 to multiple nuclear foci upon induction of DNA damage (PubMed:20154705).
DNA damage induces an increase in nuclear levels (PubMed:20154705).
Together with FIGNL1, redistributed in discrete nuclear DNA damage-induced foci after ionizing radiation (IR) or camptothecin (CPT) treatment (PubMed:23754376).
Accumulated at sites of DNA damage in a SPIDR-dependent manner (PubMed:23509288).
Recruited at sites of DNA damage in a MCM9-MCM8-dependent manner (PubMed:23401855).
Colocalizes with ERCC5/XPG to nuclear foci in S phase (PubMed:26833090).
Recruited to stalled replication forks during replication stress by the TONSL-MMS22L complex, as well as ATAD5 and WDR48 in an ATR-dependent manner (PubMed:27797818, PubMed:31844045).

Breast cancer (BC):
A common malignancy originating from breast epithelial tissue. Breast neoplasms can be distinguished by their histologic pattern. Invasive ductal carcinoma is by far the most common type. Breast cancer is etiologically and genetically heterogeneous. Important genetic factors have been indicated by familial occurrence and bilateral involvement. Mutations at more than one locus can be involved in different families or even in the same case.
Mirror movements 2 (MRMV2):
A disorder characterized by contralateral involuntary movements that mirror voluntary ones. While mirror movements are occasionally found in young children, persistence beyond the age of 10 is abnormal. Mirror movements occur more commonly in the upper extremities.
Fanconi anemia, complementation group R (FANCR):
A disorder affecting all bone marrow elements and resulting in anemia, leukopenia and thrombopenia. It is associated with cardiac, renal and limb malformations, dermal pigmentary changes, and a predisposition to the development of malignancies. At the cellular level it is associated with hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, chromosomal instability (increased chromosome breakage) and defective DNA repair.

Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBH1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, regulating RAD51 subcellular location and preventing its association with DNA. Ubiquitinated by RFWD3 in response to DNA damage: ubiquitination leads to degradation by the proteasome, promoting homologous recombination (PubMed:28575658).
Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Thr-309 by CHEK1 may enhance association with chromatin at sites of DNA damage and promote DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylation by ABL1 inhibits function.