CD1d Antibodies

Structure of CD1d

CD1d is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a relative molecular mass of approximately 37 kDa. This protein varies among different species, and the specific parameters are shown in the table below:

This protein is composed of a heavy chain and β2-microglobulin. Through its extracellular α1 and α2 domains, it forms a deep and hydrophobic antigen-binding groove, specifically designed for binding and presenting lipid antigens. The tertiary structure of the CD1d molecule consists of the two-sided walls formed by α helices and the bottom composed of β sheets. Two large hydrophobic pockets (A' and F' pockets) can accommodate lipid chains of different lengths. The key amino acid residues on the α helices are stabilized in the binding of lipid antigens through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, while the β2-microglobulin maintains the stability of the overall structure.

Fig. 1 Peptide binding to MHC and CD1d molecules.¹

Key structural properties of CD1d:

• Heterodimeric structure consisting of a heavy chain and β2-microglobulin
• The deep hydrophobic antigen binding slot is formed by the α1 and α2 domains
• Two hydrophobic pockets (A' and F' pockets) accommodating fatty acid chains
• Polar residues within the binding groove mediate the recognition of lipid antigens

Functions of CD1d

The main function of the CD1d molecule is to present lipid antigens to natural killer T cells. However, it also plays a role in various immune regulatory processes, including autoimmune regulation and anti-infection immunity.

The lipid antigen recognition mechanism mediated by CD1d is different from the presentation of peptide antigens by MHC molecules. It accommodates the acyl chains of lipid antigens in a hydrophobic binding groove and exposes the polar heads for recognition by the T cell receptor.

Applications of CD1d and CD1d Antibody in Literature

1. Girardi, Enrico, Jing Wang, and Dirk M. Zajonc. "Structure of an α-helical peptide and lipopeptide bound to the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule CD1d." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291.20 (2016): 10677-10683. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.702118

The article indicates that mouse CD1d can bind and present hydrophobic peptide segment p99. Its crystal structure shows that the peptide segment is bound in an α-helix conformation in the antigen binding groove, with the motif residues embedded inwardly in the deep groove, elucidating the molecular mechanism of peptide binding. Lipid peptides can also bind to CD1d in a similar conformation, revealing a new class of antigenic molecules.

2. Iwamura, Chiaki, and Toshinori Nakayama. "Role of CD1d-and MR1-restricted T cells in asthma." Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 1942. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01942

The article indicates that congenital T cells rapidly exert their effector functions by recognizing non-peptide antigens presented by CD1d or MR1 through constant receptors. This article reviews the mechanism of action of iNKT and MAIT cells in allergic diseases such as asthma, and explores their potential as therapeutic targets.

3. Lee, Sung Won, et al. "Roles and therapeutic potential of CD1d-Restricted NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases." Frontiers in immunology 13 (2022): 979370. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.979370

The article indicates that NKT cells are a type of innate T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. This article reviews the immunoregulatory role of CD1d-dependent NKT cells in skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis, and explores the functional heterogeneity of its subgroups and its therapeutic potential.

4. King, Lisa A., et al. "CD1d-invariant natural killer T cell-based cancer immunotherapy: α-galactosylceramide and beyond." Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 1519. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01519

The article indicates that after iNKT cells are activated by antigens presented via CD1d, they can directly kill tumors or initiate anti-tumor immunity by releasing cytokines. This article reviews various immunotherapy strategies based on iNKT cells, including glycolipid antigens, adoptive transfer, and CAR modification.

5. Nishioka, Yusuke, et al. "CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells reactive with endogenous hydrophobic peptides." Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00548

The article indicates that CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells recognize endogenous hydrophobic peptides through diverse TCRs. They are opposite to the pro-inflammatory function of type I NKT cells and exert anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects in different models, participating in the regulation of autoimmune diseases.

Creative Biolabs: CD1d Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CD1d antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CD1d Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CD1d antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.