CD86 Antibodies

Structure of CD86

CD86 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 37-45 kDa. Its molecular weight varies slightly among different species due to differences in the degree of glycosylation and amino acid sequence.

This protein is composed of 306 amino acids and contains the extracellular immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) and constant region (IgC) domains, transmembrane regions, and intracellular tail. Its extracellular region forms a typical immunoglobulin folding structure, stabilizing the conformation through two pairs of conserved disulfide bonds. The asparagine residues at position 86 and lysine residues at position 105 in the IgV domain of CD86 play a crucial role in its binding to CD28/CTLA-4. This protein exists in the form of a constitutive dimer on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and regulates the activation or inhibition of T-cell immune responses through conformational changes.

Fig. 1 CTLA4 residues at the interface with CD86 targeted for affinity-enhancing substitution.¹

Key structural properties of CD86:

• Extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains (IgV and IgC)
• Across the membrane screw anchor is due to the cell membrane
• Cytoplasmic tail including signal transduction module

Functions of CD86

The main function of the CD86 (B7-2) gene is to act as an immune co-stimulatory signaling molecule and participate in the regulation of T cell activation. In addition, it is also widely involved in various pathophysiological processes such as immune tolerance, inflammatory response and tumor immunity.

The binding of CD86 to ligands exhibits rapid kinetic characteristics, and its signal intensity depends on surface density and binding time. This feature distinguishes it from other costimulatory molecules such as CD80, demonstrating its key regulatory role in the early stage of immune response.

Applications of CD86 and CD86 Antibody in Literature

1. Wang, Xinyue, et al. "A novel rabbit anti-myoglobin monoclonal antibody's potential application in rhabdomyolysis associated acute kidney injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24.9 (2023): 7822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29524-w

Research has found that the ubiquitin-like protein UBL3 regulates March1-mediated CD86 ubiquitination modification through membrane anchoring, thereby influencing its expression on the cell surface. The absence of UBL3 leads to an increase in CD86 expression and disrupts the function of dendritic cells and antigen presentation in vivo, indicating that UBL3 plays a key role in the immune response.

2. Halliday, Neil, et al. "CD86 is a selective CD28 ligand supporting FoxP3+ regulatory T cell homeostasis in the presence of high levels of CTLA-4." Frontiers in immunology 11 (2020): 600000. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.600000

Research has found that CD86 is the main co-stimulatory ligand for the homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Tregs), playing a leading role in their proliferation, survival, and maintenance of inhibitory phenotypes. Although its affinity for CD28 is relatively low, the role of CD86 is more crucial because the highly expressed CTLA-4 competitively inhibits the binding of CD80 to CD28.

3. Dong, et al. "CD86+/CD206+, diametrically polarized tumor-associated macrophages, predict hepatocellular carcinoma patient prognosis." International journal of molecular sciences 17.3 (2016): 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030320

This study, through the analysis of 253 HCC patients, found that the lower the proportion of CD86+ M1 type in tumor-associated macrophages, the higher the malignancy of the tumor and the worse the prognosis. The combined detection of CD86 and CD206 can more effectively predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival than a single indicator, especially having significant prognostic value in AFP-negative patients.

4. Sun, Desheng, Rong Lin, and Yao Ouyang. "The Role of CD40, CD86, and Glutathione S‐Transferase Omega 1 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2022.1 (2022): 6810745. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6810745

Research has found that the expression of CD86 in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is significantly elevated and negatively correlated with the FEV1% pulmonary function index. CD86 and CD40 are synergistically involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, and their expression levels can reflect the severity of the disease and the status of lung function impairment.

5. Fang, ling, et al. "CD86 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of Talaromyces marneffei in lesions." Microbiology Spectrum 13.4 (2025): e02063-24. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02063-24

The research found that immunohistochemical staining of anti-CD86 antibody demonstrated high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (92.9%) in the diagnosis of Marneffei basket disease, significantly outperforming the traditional PAS staining method. This method can effectively locate and highlight pathogens, providing a new approach for the rapid diagnosis of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Creative Biolabs: CD86 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CD86 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CD86 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CD86 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.