CYCS Antibodies

Structure of CYCS

The CYCS encoded by the CYCS gene is a small heme protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12 kDa. This protein shows high sequence conservation among different species, with only slight differences in molecular weight but overall stability.

The CYCS protein consists of 104 amino acids and has a compact spherical spatial structure. It is formed by multiple α helices folding around the heme cofactor. The protein structure center contains a heme cofactor (a ferrous porphyrin ring), which is covalently linked to the protein part through a bond. This is the basis of its electron transfer function. The red color of CYCS comes from the heme group. Its secondary structure is mainly composed of multiple α helices, forming a special hydrophobic environment to stabilize the heme cofactor. The iron atom of the heme forms an axial coordination bond with His18, and Met80 provides another coordination bond. This six-coordinate structure distinguishes it from oxygenated proteins and is suitable for reversible electron transfer.

Fig. 1 Schematic presentation of linear CYCS protein with all variants.¹

Key structural properties of CYCS:

• Compact α-helical folding structure
• Hemoglobin covalently bound to Cys14 and Cys17
• Iron-containing porphyrin ring facilitating electron transfer
• Met80 and His18 coordinate to stabilize the iron of hemoglobin

Functions of CYCS

The main function of CYCS is mitochondrial electron transfer. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, the clearance of reactive oxygen species, and the mitochondrial stress response.

The redox potential characteristics of CYCS present a typical single-electron transfer curve, which is different from the cooperative binding curve of hemoglobin. This indicates the high efficiency of it as an electron carrier and its fixed position in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Applications of CYCS and CYCS Antibody in Literature

1. Che, Fengyu, et al. "A novel heterozygous pathogenic variation in CYCS gene cause autosomal dominant non-syndromic thrombocytopenia 4 in a large Chinese family." Frontiers in Genetics 12 (2022): 783455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.783455

An 8-member family was found to have thrombocytopenia. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variation of c.79C>T in the CYCS gene, confirming the diagnosis of autosomal dominant hereditary thrombocytopenia type 4. This variation did not cause abnormal bleeding or mitochondrial disorders, enriching the mutation spectrum of this disease.

2. Kan, Jingbao, et al. "Declined expressions of vast mitochondria-related genes represented by CYCS and transcription factor ESRRA in skeletal muscle aging." Bioengineered 12.1 (2021): 3485-3502. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1948951

The research has found that the aging of skeletal muscles is related to the downregulation of mitochondrial function-related gene expression. CYCS and ESRRA are key molecules whose expression significantly decreases with age, and they can serve as potential biomarkers for age-related sarcopenia.

3. Li, Yan, et al. "[Retracted] The Identification and Clinical Value Evaluation of CYCS Related to Asthma through Bioinformatics Analysis and Functional Experiments." Disease Markers 2023.1 (2023): 5746940. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5746940

The research has found that the CYCS gene is upregulated in asthma and is related to immune cells, which can promote the proliferation of asthma cells. CYCS may serve as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for asthma.

4. Zhan, Xiaoshu, et al. "MiR-29b inhibits COC expansion and oocyte in vitro maturation via induction of ROS by targeting CYCS." Animal Reproduction Science 270 (2024): 107598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107598

Studies have shown that miR-29b targets and inhibits the CYCS gene, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting the expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex and the maturation of oocytes in pigs.

5. Ong, Lily, Kirstin O. McDonald, and Elizabeth C. Ledgerwood. "Differentiation and cell density upregulate CYCS levels in megakaryoblastic cell lines: Implications for analysis of CYCS-associated thrombocytopenia." Plos one 12.12 (2017): e0190433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190433

The study found that mutations in the CYCS gene cause autosomal dominant hereditary thrombocytopenia. The endogenous expression of CYCS increases along with the differentiation of megakaryocytes and the increase in cell density, suggesting that this gene plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation.

Creative Biolabs: CYCS Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CYCS antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CYCS Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CYCS antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.