PAX7 Antibodies

Structure of PAX7

The molecular weight of the transcription factor protein encoded by the PAX7 gene is approximately 52 kDa, and there are certain conservation and functional differences among different species. This protein is composed of 479 amino acids and has highly conserved DNA-binding domains (pairing domains and homologous domains), forming a stable helical-turned helical conformation. Its tertiary structure binds to specific DNA sequences through a hydrophobic core, regulating the expression of downstream muscle stem cell-related genes. Among various mammals, the DNA-binding region sequences of the PAX7 protein are highly similar, but there are species-specific variations in the transcriptional activation domain, which affect its myogenic regulatory efficiency and stem cell maintenance function in different organisms. The nuclear localization signal sequence of this protein ensures that it is located within the cell nucleus to function.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of PAX7 protein.¹

Key structural properties of PAX7:

• Conserved DNA-binding domains
• Hydrophobic core and structural stability
• Transcriptional regulatory functional regions
• Verified locus sequence

Functions of PAX7

The main function of the PAX7 gene-encoded protein is to regulate the fate determination and maintenance of muscle stem cells, and it also plays a core role in muscle regeneration and development. However, it is also involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the resting maintenance of stem cells, damage responses, and the occurrence of certain cancers.

Unlike stem cell factors with broad differentiation potential, the scope of action of PAX7 is highly concentrated on the skeletal muscle lineage, indicating its core role as a link-specific "switch" and "maintainer".

Applications of PAX7 and PAX7 Antibody in Literature

1. Mavrommatis, Lampros, et al. "Human skeletal muscle organoids model fetal myogenesis and sustain uncommitted PAX7 myogenic progenitors." Elife 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.87081 

This study established the first human-derived skeletal muscle organoid model, which can simulate the embryonic muscle differentiation process, stably generate PAX7-positive myogenic progenitor cells and PDGFRα-positive fibroblast-fat progenitor cells, and identify the molecular characteristics of their activated and resting states. This provides a three-dimensional in vitro system for muscle development research.

2. Sincennes, Marie-Claude, et al. "Acetylation of PAX7 controls muscle stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential in mice." Nature communications 12.1 (2021): 3253. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23577-z 

This study reveals that acetyl-CoA and NAD+ regulate the acetylation level of the PAX7 protein, thereby influencing the function of muscle stem cells. The acetyltransferase MYST1 and the deacetylase SIRT2 mediate this modification, determining the DNA binding ability and asymmetric division of the cells, thereby regulating the stem cell homeostasis and the metabolic adaptation of muscle fibers.

3. Rahman, Nor Idayu A., et al. "PAX7, a key for myogenesis modulation in muscular dystrophies through multiple signaling pathways: a systematic review." International journal of molecular sciences 24.17 (2023): 13051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713051 

Based on the PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically analyzed 19 studies, indicating that the expression of the muscle stem cell marker PAX7 is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. This provides a new potential therapeutic idea for improving muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophy by targeting the regulation of PAX7.

4. Azhar, Muhamad, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, and Editha Renesteen. "The regenerative potential of Pax3/Pax7 on skeletal muscle injury." Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 20.1 (2022): 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00429-x 

This article points out that for common skeletal muscle injuries, the current therapies have limited effects. The Pax3/Pax7 protein, as a stem cell marker, can activate genes through epigenetic mechanisms and promote proliferation, and is expected to become a new treatment strategy for accelerating skeletal muscle repair.

5. Kuriki, Mao, et al. "Interplay between Pitx2 and Pax7 temporally governs specification of extraocular muscle stem cells." PLoS Genetics 20.6 (2024): e1010935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010935 

This study reveals that the regulatory networks of stem cells in extraocular muscles and limb muscles differ. Pitx2, Myf5, and Pax7 successively regulate the stem cell pools of extraocular muscles, and these stem cells enter a quiescent state earlier and have limited proliferation, which may explain why they are less prone to damage in muscular dystrophy.

Creative Biolabs: PAX7 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality PAX7 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom PAX7 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our PAX7 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.