SMAD4 Antibodies

Structure of SMAD4

SMAD4 is a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 52 kDa, and its size is relatively conserved among different species. This protein is composed of 552 amino acids and has two typical conserved domains, MH1 and MH2. It forms homologous or heterologous complexes through its tertiary structure and participates in signal transduction. The special ring structure and surface hydrophobic region in the MH2 domain play a key role in oligomerization and transcriptional activation.

The MH1 domain of SMAD4 is responsible for DNA binding, while the MH2 domain mediates interactions and oligomerization with other SMAD proteins. Its junction region contains nuclear localization signals that regulate the nuclear cytoplasmic shuttle of proteins. The stability and function of this protein are precisely regulated by various post-translational modifications.

Fig. 1 Overall Structure of SnoN-SMAD4.¹

Key structural properties of SMAD4:

• Contains two highly conserved functional domains, MH1 and MH2
• MH2 structure domain mediated oligomerization and transcription complex is formed
• Specific recognition of DNA sequences through MH1 domains (GTCT elements)
• The linker region contains nuclear localization signals (NLS) to regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic shuttle
• Protein stability is regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination

Functions of SMAD4

The core function of the SMAD4 gene is to mediate the signal transduction of the TGF-β superfamily and regulate the transcription of target genes. In addition, it is also involved in a variety of important biological processes such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and embryonic development.

The signal response of SMAD4 is environmentally dependent, and its function can vary significantly due to differences in cell type, cofactors, and mutation status, which is fundamentally different from the allosteric regulation of hemoglobin.

Applications of SMAD4 and SMAD4 Antibody in Literature

1. Shan, Hui, et al. "Exploring the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SMAD4 in colorectal cancer." Cancer Biology & Therapy 25.1 (2024): 2392341. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2024.2392341

The article indicates that SMAD4 is a key transcription factor in the TGF-β signaling pathway and plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. This article explores its function and potential as a therapeutic target.

2. Shi, An‐da, et al. "SMAD4 regulates the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by modulating the expression of STING1." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 27.17 (2023): 2547-2561. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17857

This study explores the mechanism by which SMAD4 affects tumor progression in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) through transcriptional regulation of STING1. The expressions of SMAD4 and STING1 were both downregulated and significantly correlated. The low expression of both indicates a poor prognosis for the patient. SMAD4 silencing may promote the development of CCA by inhibiting the STING1-mediated immune response.

3. Du, Xing, et al. "SMAD4 activates Wnt signaling pathway to inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis." Cell death & disease 11.5 (2020): 373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-2578-x

This study focuses on the role of the 5'-UTR variant SMAD4-201 of the SMAD4 gene in colorectal cancer. Research has found that the relative abundance of SMAD4-201 in cancer cell lines and cancer tissues is significantly higher than that in non-cancer tissues (p=0.001), suggesting that it may become a potential diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer, but further verification is still needed.

4. Babic, Tamara, et al. "SMAD4–201 transcript as a putative biomarker in colorectal cancer." BMC cancer 22.1 (2022): 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09186-z

This study reveals that SMAD4, as an effector of the TGF-β pathway, mediates the interaction between TGF-β and the Wnt signaling pathway in granulosa cells by directly activating FZD4 transcription and regulating the lncRNA/miRNA network, promoting apoptosis and follicular atresia, and providing a new target for the treatment of reproductive diseases.

5. Igalouzene, Ramdane, et al. "SMAD4 TGF-β–independent function preconditions naive CD8+ T cells to prevent severe chronic intestinal inflammation." The Journal of clinical investigation 132.8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI151020

This study focuses on the epigenetic mechanism through which SMAD4 pre-regulates the expression of TGF-β target genes in CD8+ T cells, inhibits inflammatory factors and enhances IL-7 responses, thereby preventing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation. This mechanism does not rely on TGF-β signaling, providing a new therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease.

Creative Biolabs: SMAD4 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality SMAD4 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom SMAD4 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our SMAD4 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.