TIMELESS

Timeless is highly conserved and is involved in cell survival after damage or stress, increase in DNA polymerase epsilon activity, maintenance of telomere length, and epithelial cell morphogenesis. Timeless also functions in the circadian rhythm autoregulatory loop, interacting with the PERIOD genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) and others to downregulate activation of PER1 by CLOCK/ARNTL. Changes in this gene or its expression may promote prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and mental disorders.

Timeless Circadian Clock 1

Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication, maintenance of replication fork stability, maintenance of genome stability throughout normal DNA replication, DNA repair and in the regulation of the circadian clock (PubMed:9856465, PubMed:17141802, PubMed:17296725, PubMed:23418588, PubMed:26344098, PubMed:23359676, PubMed:35585232).
Required to stabilize replication forks during DNA replication by forming a complex with TIPIN: this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions, stabilizes replication forks and influences both CHEK1 phosphorylation and the intra-S phase checkpoint in response to genotoxic stress (PubMed:17141802, PubMed:17296725, PubMed:23359676, PubMed:35585232).
During DNA replication, inhibits the CMG complex ATPase activity and activates DNA polymerases catalytic activities, coupling DNA unwinding and DNA synthesis (PubMed:23359676).
TIMELESS promotes TIPIN nuclear localization (PubMed:17141802, PubMed:17296725).
Involved in cell survival after DNA damage or replication stress by promoting DNA repair (PubMed:17141802, PubMed:17296725, PubMed:26344098, PubMed:30356214).
In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs), accumulates at DNA damage sites and promotes homologous recombination repair via its interaction with PARP1 (PubMed:26344098, PubMed:30356214).
May be specifically required for the ATR-CHEK1 pathway in the replication checkpoint induced by hydroxyurea or ultraviolet light (PubMed:15798197).
Involved in the determination of period length and in the DNA damage-dependent phase advancing of the circadian clock (PubMed:23418588).
Negatively regulates CLOCK|NPAS2-ARTNL/BMAL1|ARTNL2/BMAL2-induced transactivation of PER1 possibly via translocation of PER1 into the nucleus (PubMed:9856465).
May also play an important role in epithelial cell morphogenesis and formation of branching tubules (By similarity).

Biological Process branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tubeSource:Ensembl
Biological Process cell cycle phase transitionSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process cell divisionSource:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process cellular response to bleomycinSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cellular response to cisplatinSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cellular response to DNA damage stimulusSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cellular response to hydroxyureaSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process circadian rhythmSource:UniProtKB
Biological Process detection of abiotic stimulusSource:ProtInc1 Publication
Biological Process DNA repairSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process DNA replication checkpoint signalingSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process lung developmentSource:Ensembl
Biological Process morphogenesis of an epitheliumSource:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of double-strand break repairSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombinationSource:UniProtKB2 Publications
Biological Process regulation of circadian rhythmSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process replication fork arrestSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process replication fork protectionSource:GO_Central1 Publication

Nucleus
Chromosome
In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs), accumulates at DNA damage sites via its interaction with PARP1.