TLR3 Antibodies

Structure of TLR3

TLR3 is a type I transmembrane protein receptor with a molecular weight of approximately 125 kDa. This value may fluctuate slightly among different mammals due to subtle differences in amino acid sequences.

TLR3 is composed of approximately 904 amino acids, and its extracellular domain forms a horseshoe-shaped structure, responsible for recognizing double-stranded RNA. This receptor is connected to the intracellular TIR domain through a transmembrane region, which initiates downstream signal transduction. The ligand binding site of TLR3 is composed of the LRR module, which can specifically bind to dsRNA, while the TIR domain recruits the adaptor protein TRIF, ultimately activating the expression of interferons and inflammatory factors.

Fig. 1 TLR3 signaling in astrocytes.¹

Key structural properties of TLR3:

• Horseshoe-shaped extracellular domains rich in leucine repeat sequences (LRR)
• The transmembrane region is anchored to the cell membrane and connects the extracellular and intracellular domains
• The intracellular Toll/ interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is responsible for signal transduction
• Specifically recognize viral double-stranded RNA and activate immune response pathways

Functions of TLR3

The main function of TLR3 is to recognize viral double-stranded RNA and activate the innate immune response. However, it is also involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, the regulation of inflammatory cytokine storms, and in some cases, its impact on tissue regeneration.

The ligand recognition pattern of TLR3 is highly specific, in contrast to the extensive recognition of ssRNA by TLR7/8, which indicates its core role in specifically monitoring the invasion of dsRNA viruses.

Applications of TLR3 and TLR3 Antibody in Literature

1. Wang, Yuru, et al. "TLR3 activation by Clonorchis sinensis infection alleviates the fluke-induced liver fibrosis." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17.5 (2023): e0011325. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011325

The article indicates that the absence of TLR3 aggravates liver inflammation and fibrosis caused by Clonoris sinensis infection, while Poly (I:C) alleviates parasite charge and liver fibrosis by activating the TLR3 signaling pathway. TLR3 alleviates fibrosis by inhibiting the p38/ERK pathway and reducing the expression of IL-6 and TNF.

2. Zhang, Xueying, et al. "Extracellular RNAs-TLR3 signaling contributes to cognitive impairment after chronic neuropathic pain in mice." Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 8.1 (2023): 292. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01543-z

The article indicates that chronic neuralgia leads to an increase in extracellular RNA (especially dsRNA) in the hippocampus, activates TLR3 and promotes inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, resulting in cognitive impairment. Inhibiting TLR3 or using dsRNA/TLR3 antagonists can improve cognitive function, alleviate neuroinflammation and synaptic damage.

3. Wang, Ben‐Gang, De‐Hui Yi, and Yong‐Feng Liu. "TLR3 gene polymorphisms in cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis." Cancer Communications 34.3 (2015): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-015-0020-z

The article indicates that the polymorphism of the TLR3 gene is associated with cancer risk. Meta-analysis shows that the rs5743312 variant genotype significantly increases the overall cancer risk; The polymorphisms of rs3775290 and rs3775291 are also associated with an increased risk in Asian populations and specific subgroups.

4. Lin, Li, et al. "TLR3 Knockdown Attenuates Pressure‐Induced Neuronal Damage In Vitro." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 28.23 (2024): e70276. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.70276

The article indicates that in spinal cord injury, the upregulation of TLR3 expression exacerbates stress-induced motor neuron injury and apoptosis. Inhibition of TLR3 can alleviate damage, promote mitochondrial autophagy and improve mitochondrial function through the TLR3/IRF3 and TLF3/NF-κB pathways.

5. Ko, Kwang Hyun, et al. "A novel defined TLR3 agonist as an effective vaccine adjuvant." Frontiers in Immunology 14 (2023): 1075291. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1075291

The article indicates that the novel TLR3 agonist NexaVant (NVT) is a structurally stable and homogeneous dsRNA molecule, which can effectively activate TLR3 and downstream signaling pathways, promote dendritic cell maturation and Th1-type immune responses, and has good safety. It is a promising vaccine adjuvant.

Creative Biolabs: TLR3 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality TLR3 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom TLR3 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our TLR3 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.