USP15

This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin specific protease (USP) family of deubiquitinating enzymes. USP enzymes play critical roles in ubiquitin-dependent processes through polyubiquitin chain disassembly and hydrolysis of ubiquitin-substrate bonds. The encoded protein associates with the COP9 signalosome, and also plays a role in transforming growth factor beta signalling through deubiquitination of receptor-activated SMAD transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

Full Name

Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 15

Function

Hydrolase that removes conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and regulates various pathways such as the TGF-beta receptor signaling, NF-kappa-B and RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathways (PubMed:21947082, PubMed:22344298, PubMed:24852371, PubMed:16005295, PubMed:17318178, PubMed:19826004, PubMed:19576224).
Acts as a key regulator of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway, but the precise mechanism is still unclear: according to a report, acts by promoting deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated R-SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2 and/or SMAD3), thereby alleviating inhibition of R-SMADs and promoting activation of TGF-beta target genes (PubMed:21947082).
According to another reports, regulates the TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway by mediating deubiquitination and stabilization of TGFBR1, leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal (PubMed:22344298).
Able to mediate deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated substrates, 'Lys-27'-, 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:33093067).
May also regulate gene expression and/or DNA repair through the deubiquitination of histone H2B (PubMed:24526689).
Acts as an inhibitor of mitophagy by counteracting the action of parkin (PRKN): hydrolyzes cleavage of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains attached by parkin on target proteins such as MFN2, thereby reducing parkin's ability to drive mitophagy (PubMed:24852371).
Acts as an associated component of COP9 signalosome complex (CSN) and regulates different pathways via this association: regulates NF-kappa-B by mediating deubiquitination of NFKBIA and deubiquitinates substrates bound to VCP (PubMed:16005295, PubMed:17318178, PubMed:19826004, PubMed:19576224).
Involved in endosome organization by mediating deubiquitination of SQSTM1: ubiquitinated SQSTM1 forms a molecular bridge that restrains cognate vesicles in the perinuclear region and its deubiquitination releases target vesicles for fast transport into the cell periphery (PubMed:27368102).
Acts as a negative regulator of antifungal immunity by mediating 'Lys-27'-linked deubiquitination of CARD9, thereby inactivating CARD9 (PubMed:33093067).
(Microbial infection) Protects APC and human papillomavirus type 16 protein E6 against degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway.

Biological Process

Biological Process BMP signaling pathway Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitination Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway Source:CACAO1 Publication
Biological Process protein deubiquitination Source:UniProtKB3 Publications
Biological Process protein K27-linked deubiquitination Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process Source:InterPro

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion

PTM

Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation protects against ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.
Ubiquitinated, leading to degradation by the proteasome.