DIS3 Antibodies

Background

The exoribonucleolytic enzyme DIS3 functions as a multifunctional enzyme which primarily resides in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The enzyme functions to degrade RNA while controlling gene expression through its processing and degradation of various RNA species which supports cellular homeostasis and stress response mechanisms. The RNA stability and balance of stressed organisms depends on DIS3 because their RNA composition and quantities shift constantly. Scientists first discovered DIS3 through yeast genetic research in the 1990s before extensive research revealed its functions in RNA metabolism and cellular processes. The intricate yet highly operational structure of DIS3 has enabled scientists to understand RNA processing mechanisms and degradation pathways and molecular interactions within biological systems.

Structure Function ApplicationAdvantageOur Products

Structure of DIS3

The protein DIS3 exists as a large molecule which weighs approximately 100 kDa. The molecular weight of DIS3 shows minor variations between species because of variations in amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications.

Species	Human	Mouse	Rat	Drosophila
Molecular Weight (kDa)	110	110	110	110
Primary Structural Differences	Contains an exonucleolytic RNB domain, two cold shock domains (CSDs), an S1 domain, and an endonucleolytic PIN domain	Highly conserved with human DIS3, containing similar domains and functional motifs	Similar domain structure to human DIS3, with conserved functional regions	Contains a unique ∼300 amino acid N-terminal extension with multiple bioinformatically identified domains

The enzyme DIS3 plays a central role in RNA metabolism through its multiple domains which enable its wide range of functions. The protein structure consists of a compact globular shape that contains an RNase II-like catalytic domain and an S1 RNA-binding domain which work together to perform precise RNA degradation. The protein structure contains alpha-helices and beta-sheets that maintain its conformation while enabling interactions with RNA substrates and other proteins. The catalytic domain of DIS3 contains an essential active site which performs RNA processing functions while sustaining cellular RNA homeostasis. DIS3 functions beyond RNA degradation to regulate gene expression and maintain genome stability and respond to cellular stress which demonstrates its diverse cellular importance.

Fig. 1:Motif and domains of the DIS3 protein family. Fig. 1 Motif and domains of the DIS3 protein family.¹

Key structural properties of DIS3:

Exonucleolytic RNB domain responsible for RNA degradation
Cold shock domains (CSDs) involved in RNA binding and processing
S1 domain contributes to RNA binding specificity
Endonucleolytic PIN domain facilitates RNA cleavage
N-terminal extension unique in some species with additional functional motifs

Functions of DIS3

DIS3's primary function is RNA degradation and processing. However, it is also involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression regulation and stress response.

Function	Description
RNA Degradation	Degrades RNA molecules to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Gene Expression Regulation	Modulates RNA stability and processing to control gene expression.
Stress Response	Helps cells cope with stress by regulating RNA levels.
Exonuclease Activity	Exhibits exonuclease activity to process RNA substrates.
Endonuclease Activity	Facilitates endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA molecules.

The activity of DIS3 is regulated by phosphorylation in contrast to other RNA-processing enzymes, indicating its dynamic role in RNA metabolism and cellular stress response.

Applications of DIS3 and DIS3 Antibody in Literature

1. Szczepińska, Teresa, et al. "DIS3 shapes the RNA polymerase II transcriptome in humans by degrading a variety of unwanted transcripts." Genome Research 25.11 (2015): 1622-1633. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.189597.115

The article highlights DIS3 as a key regulator of the RNA polymerase II transcriptome in humans, introducing its role in degrading a variety of unwanted transcripts to maintain cellular homeostasis.

2. Dziembowski, Andrzej, et al. "A single subunit, Dis3, is essentially responsible for yeast exosome core activity." Nature structural & molecular biology 14.1 (2007): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1184

The article highlights Dis3 as a single subunit essentially responsible for yeast exosome core activity, introducing its critical role in RNA degradation and processing within the yeast exosome complex.

3. Hou, Dezhi, Miriam Ruiz, and Erik D. Andrulis. "The ribonuclease Dis3 is an essential regulator of the developmental transcriptome." Bmc Genomics 13 (2012): 1-12. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1471-2164-13-359

The article highlights ribonuclease Dis3 as an essential regulator of the developmental transcriptome, introducing its role in shaping gene expression patterns during development through RNA degradation.

4. Weißbach, Susann, et al. "The molecular spectrum and clinical impact of dis 3 mutations in multiple myeloma." British journal of haematology 169.1 (2015): 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13256

The article highlights DIS3 mutations as key factors in multiple myeloma, introducing their molecular spectrum and clinical impact, potentially influencing disease progression and treatment response.

5. Laffleur, Brice, et al. "Noncoding RNA processing by DIS3 regulates chromosomal architecture and somatic hypermutation in B cells." Nature genetics 53.2 (2021): 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00772-0

The article highlights DIS3 as a key regulator of noncoding RNA processing in B cells, introducing its role in maintaining chromosomal architecture and influencing somatic hypermutation, potentially affecting B cell function and antibody diversity.

Creative Biolabs: DIS3 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs produces high-quality DIS3 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

Custom DIS3 Antibody Development: Bespoke solutions to meet specific research needs.
Bulk Production: Large-scale manufacturing for industrial partners.
Technical Support: Expert advice for optimizing protocols and troubleshooting.
Aliquoting Services: Pre-measured aliquots for long-term storage and consistent results.

For further information on our DIS3 antibodies, custom services, or technical support, please reach out to us via info@creative-biolabs.com.

Reference

Ohguchi, Yasuyo, and Hiroto Ohguchi. "DIS3: the enigmatic gene in multiple myeloma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24.4 (2023): 4079. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044079