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DLD

This gene encodes the L protein of the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system. The L protein, also named dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, is also a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and the branched-chain alpha-keto acide dehydrogenase complex. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with E3-deficient maple syrup urine disease and lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq]
Full Name
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
Function
Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as an E3 component of three alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes (pyruvate-, alpha-ketoglutarate-, and branched-chain amino acid-dehydrogenase complex) (PubMed:15712224, PubMed:16442803, PubMed:16770810, PubMed:17404228, PubMed:20160912, PubMed:20385101).

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion (PubMed:29211711).

A fraction of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-CoA to histone succinyltransferase KAT2A (PubMed:29211711).

In monomeric form may have additional moonlighting function as serine protease (PubMed:17404228).

Involved in the hyperactivation of spermatazoa during capacitation and in the spermatazoal acrosome reaction (By similarity).
Biological Process
2-oxoglutarate metabolic process Source: Ensembl
Aging Source: Ensembl
Cell redox homeostasis Source: InterPro
Dihydrolipoamide metabolic process Source: Ensembl
Gastrulation Source: Ensembl
Histone succinylation Source: UniProtKB
Lipoate metabolic process Source: Ensembl
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate Source: MGI
Mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone Source: Ensembl
Proteolysis Source: Ensembl
Regulation of membrane potential Source: Ensembl
Sperm capacitation Source: Ensembl
Cellular Location
Mitochondrion matrix; Nucleus; Flagellum; Acrosome. Mainly localizes in the mitochondrion. A small fraction localizes to the nucleus, where the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is required for histone succinylation.
Involvement in disease
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency (DLDD):
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized biochemically by a combined deficiency of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDC). Clinically, affected individuals have lactic acidosis and neurologic deterioration due to sensitivity of the central nervous system to defects in oxidative metabolism.
PTM
Tyrosine phosphorylated.

Anti-DLD antibodies

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Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG3
Specificity: Human
Clone: 1G11
Application*: WB, E, P
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG3
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBYCL-114
Application*: WB, P
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Zebrafish
Clone: Dld 5C7/2, zdd2
Application*: E, C, F, IC, IF, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Zebrafish
Clone: zdd2
Application*: E, F, IH, IF, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 4A10
Application*: F, IF, IH, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 5G7
Application*: F, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 6D5
Application*: WB, F, C, IC, IF, P
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 6G6
Application*: F, IF, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 8A10
Application*: F, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG3
Specificity: Human
Clone: 3C1
Application*: E, P, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBYJL-024
Application*: WB, IC, P, C, E
Target: DLD
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBYJL-173
Application*: IC, IF
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG3
Specificity: Human
Clone: 2D4
Application*: E, P, WB
Target: DLD
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: Y6C
Application*: E, IC, C, P, WB
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.
(P): Predicted
* Abbreviations
IFImmunofluorescence
IHImmunohistochemistry
IPImmunoprecipitation
WBWestern Blot
EELISA
MMicroarray
CIChromatin Immunoprecipitation
FFlow Cytometry
FNFunction Assay
IDImmunodiffusion
RRadioimmunoassay
TCTissue Culture
GSGel Supershift
NNeutralization
BBlocking
AActivation
IInhibition
DDepletion
ESELISpot
DBDot Blot
MCMass Cytometry/CyTOF
CTCytotoxicity
SStimulation
AGAgonist
APApoptosis
IMImmunomicroscopy
BABioassay
CSCostimulation
EMElectron Microscopy
IEImmunoelectrophoresis
PAPeptide Array
ICImmunocytochemistry
PEPeptide ELISA
MDMeDIP
SHIn situ hybridization
IAEnzyme Immunoassay
SEsandwich ELISA
PLProximity Ligation Assay
ECELISA(Cap)
EDELISA(Det)
BIBioimaging
IOImmunoassay
LFLateral Flow Immunoassay
LALuminex Assay
CImmunohistochemistry-Frozen Sections
PImmunohistologyp-Paraffin Sections
ISIntracellular Staining for Flow Cytometry
MSElectrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
RIRNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP)
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