DROSHA

This gene encodes a ribonuclease (RNase) III double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease and subunit of the microprocessor protein complex, which catalyzes the initial processing step of microRNA (miRNA) synthesis. The encoded protein cleaves the stem loop structure from the primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) in the nucleus, yielding the precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for further processing. In a human cell line lacking a functional copy of this gene, canonical miRNA synthesis is reduced. Somatic mutations in this gene have been observed in human patients with kidney cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Drosha Ribonuclease III

Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DROSHA cleaves the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop in pri-miRNAs (processing center 11 bp from the dsRNA-ssRNA junction) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs. Involved also in pre-rRNA processing. Cleaves double-strand RNA and does not cleave single-strand RNA. Involved in the formation of GW bodies.

Defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKB
Defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKB
miRNA metabolic process Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of gene expression Source: Ensembl
Pre-miRNA processing Source: GO_Central
Primary miRNA processing Source: WormBase
Production of siRNA involved in RNA interference Source: GO_Central
Regulation of inflammatory response Source: Ensembl
Regulation of miRNA metabolic process Source: Ensembl
Regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Ribosome biogenesis Source: UniProtKB-KW
RNA processing Source: GO_Central
rRNA catabolic process Source: InterPro

Nucleus; Nucleolus. A fraction is translocated to the nucleolus during the S phase of the cell cycle. Localized in GW bodies (GWBs), also known as P-bodies.