MX1

This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that participates in the cellular antiviral response. The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. There is a related gene located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 21, and there are multiple pseudogenes located in a cluster on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

Full Name

MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1

Function

Interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with antiviral activity against a wide range of RNA viruses and some DNA viruses. Its target viruses include negative-stranded RNA viruses and HBV through binding and inactivation of their ribonucleocapsid. May also antagonize reoviridae and asfarviridae replication. Inhibits thogoto virus (THOV) replication by preventing the nuclear import of viral nucleocapsids. Inhibits La Crosse virus (LACV) replication by sequestering viral nucleoprotein in perinuclear complexes, preventing genome amplification, budding, and egress. Inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) replication by decreasing or delaying NP synthesis and by blocking endocytic traffic of incoming virus particles. Enhances ER stress-mediated cell death after influenza virus infection. May regulate the calcium channel activity of TRPCs.

Biological Process

Antiviral innate immune response Source: ARUK-UCL
Apoptotic process Source: ProtInc
Defense response Source: ProtInc
Defense response to virus Source: UniProtKB
Innate immune response Source: UniProtKB
Interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of viral genome replication Source: UniProtKB
Response to type I interferon Source: UniProtKB
Response to virus Source: UniProtKB
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Other locations
perinuclear region
Note: Binds preferentially to negatively charged phospholipids (PubMed:21900240). Colocalizes with CCHFV protein N in the perinuclear region (PubMed:15047845).
Isoform 2:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Note: Translocates into the nuclei of HSV-1 infected cells (PubMed:20603636).

PTM

ISGylated.