RPTOR

This gene encodes a component of a signaling pathway that regulates cell growth in response to nutrient and insulin levels. The encoded protein forms a stoichiometric complex with the mTOR kinase, and also associates with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase. The protein positively regulates the downstream effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and negatively regulates the mTOR kinase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

RPTOR

Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. Involved in ciliogenesis. mTORC1 complex in excitatory neuronal transmission is required for the prosocial behavior induced by the psychoactive substance lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (By similarity).

Biological Process cellular response to amino acid stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process cellular response to DNA damage stimulus1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process cellular response to hypoxia1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process cellular response to leucineManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:CAFA
Biological Process cellular response to nutrient levelsManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process cellular response to osmotic stress1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process cellular response to starvationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process negative regulation of autophagy1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ComplexPortal
Biological Process positive regulation of cell growthManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of glycolytic process1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt1 PublicationIC:ComplexPortal
Biological Process positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of TOR signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of autophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of cell growthManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of cell sizeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process response to xenobiotic stimulusISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process social behaviorISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process TOR signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process TORC1 signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:WormBase

Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Cytoplasmic granule
Targeting to lysosomes depends on amino acid availability. In arsenite-stressed cells, accumulates in stress granules when associated with SPAG5 and association with lysosomes is drastically decreased.

Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation at Ser-863 by MTOR and MAPK8 up-regulates mTORC1 activity. Osmotic stress also induces phosphorylation at Ser-696, Thr-706 and Ser-863 by MAPK8. Ser-863 phosphorylation is required for phosphorylation at Ser-855 and Ser-859. In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylated by AMPK; phosphorylation promotes interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, leading to negative regulation of the mTORC1 complex. In response to growth factors, phosphorylated at Ser-719, Ser-721 and Ser-722 by RPS6KA1, which stimulates mTORC1 activity.