SST

The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells.

somatostatin

Neuroscience

Somatostatin-14
Inhibits the secretion of pituitary hormones, including that of growth hormone/somatotropin (GH1), PRL, ACTH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and TSH. Also impairs ghrelin- and GnRH-stimulated secretion of GH1 and LH; the inhibition of ghrelin-stimulated secretion of GH1 can be further increased by neuronostatin.
Neuronostatin
May enhance low-glucose-induced glucagon release by pancreatic alpha cells (By similarity).
This effect may be mediated by binding to GPR107 and PKA activation (By similarity).
May regulate cardiac contractile function (By similarity).
May compromise cardiomyocyte viability (By similarity).
In the central nervous system, may impair memory retention and may affect hippocampal excitability (By similarity).
May also have anxiolytic and anorexigenic effects (By similarity).
May play a role in arterial pressure regulation (By similarity).
May inhibit basal, but not ghrelin- or GnRH-stimulated secretion of GH1 or LH, but does not affect the release of other pituitary hormones, including PRL, ACTH, FSH or TSH. Potentiates inhibitory action of somatostatin on ghrelin-stimulated secretion of GH1, but not that on GnRH-stimulated secretion of LH (PubMed:29615476).

Cell surface receptor signaling pathway
Cell-cell signaling
Chemical synaptic transmission
Digestion
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
Hyperosmotic response
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation
Regulation of cell migration
Regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels
Response to acidic pH
Response to amino acid
Response to nutrient
Response to steroid hormone
Response to xenobiotic stimulus
Somatostatin signaling pathway

Secreted

C-terminal amidation of the neuronostatin peptide is required for its biological activity, including for the regulation of mean arterial pressure.