CXCR3 Antibodies

Structure of CXCR3

Myoglobin is a relatively small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 16.7 kDa. This weight may slightly vary between species due to minor differences in amino acid sequence.

This receptor is composed of 368 amino acids and has a typical seven-time transmembrane domain. Its N-terminal is located outside the cell and contains an important sulfated tyrosine site, which is responsible for specific binding to chemokine ligands such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. The third intracellular loop and the C-terminal region are responsible for coupling G proteins, thereby initiating downstream signal transduction. The ligand-binding pocket of CXCR3 is composed of transmembrane segments, and its activation mechanism depends on the conformational changes of the extracellular loop and the phosphorylation of the key intracellular threonine residues.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of CXCR3 variants.¹

Key structural properties of CXCR3:

• Typical seven-fold transmembrane (7TM) domain configuration
• Extracellular rich in acidic amino acid N end, used for chemokines specificity recognition
• The third intracellular loop (ICL3) and the C-terminal tail segment are responsible for G protein coupling and signal transduction

Functions of CXCR3

The main function of CXCR3 is to mediate the chemotactic migration and activation of immune cells. However, it is also widely involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory responses, autoimmune diseases and tumor immune surveillance.

The signal response of CXCR3 shows G protein preference, which is different from the synergistic effect of hemoglobin. Its ligand binding exhibits high specificity and diversity of signaling pathways, reflecting its precision and functional complexity in immune regulation.

Applications of CXCR3 and CXCR3 Antibody in Literature

1. Karin, Nathan. "CXCR3 ligands in cancer and autoimmunity, chemoattraction of effector T cells, and beyond." Frontiers in immunology 11 (2020): 976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00976

The article indicates that CXCR3 mediates the migration and functional differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells through its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. CXCL10 enhances the anti-tumor immunity of effector T cells, and CXCL11 promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Both regulate T cell activity through differential bias signal transduction and play a key role in tumors and autoimmunity.

2. Wang, Fangyuan, et al. "The Role of CXCR3 in Nervous System‐Related Diseases." Mediators of Inflammation 2024.1 (2024): 8347647. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8347647

The article indicates that CXCR3 and its ligands are widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems and are involved in the occurrence and development of neurological diseases through core pathways such as MAPK. CXCR3 has dual functions of damage and repair in inflammation. Its specific functions vary depending on the cell and disease background, and there is no clear consensus yet.

3. NICLOU, Simone P., Bassam JANJI, and Martyna SZPAKOWSKA. "The Distinct Roles of CXCR3 Variants and Their Ligands in the Tumor Microenvironment." Cells 8.6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8060613

The article indicates that CXCR3 plays A dual role in the tumor microenvironment through its two variants, CXCR3-a and CXCR3-B, along with their corresponding ligands: CXCR3-A can recruit white blood cells to inhibit tumors, while tumors promote progression by altering the expression of CXCR3 and its ligands. This article reviews its tumor suppressor and tumor-promoting mechanisms in tumors.

4. Chan, Travis Yui Hei, et al. "The duality of CXCR3 in glioblastoma: unveiling autocrine and paracrine mechanisms for novel therapeutic approaches." Cell Death & Disease 14.12 (2023): 835. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-06354-2

The article indicates that CXCR3 and its ligands exert dual functions in glioblastoma (GBM) through autocrine and paracrine effects, not only recruiting and regulating T cells but also participating in tumor progression. Monotherapy and combination therapies targeting the CXCR3 pathway have shown therapeutic potential and are expected to overcome the limitations of current GBM immunotherapy.

5. Szentes, Veronika, et al. "The role of CXCR3 and associated chemokines in the development of atherosclerosis and during myocardial infarction." Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 1932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01932

The article indicates that CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9/10/11 play a key role in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. By promoting Th1 cell chemotaxis and plaque aggregation, enhancing inflammatory responses, and influencing monocyte/neutrophil recruitment, they are potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.

Creative Biolabs: CXCR3 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CXCR3 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CXCR3 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CXCR3 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.